Riddh+'s+Science+Journal

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· Human body · Plants · Trees · Land Animals · Water Animals · <span style="font-size: 22pt; color: rgb(82, 177, 255);">Atoms <span style="font-size: 22pt; color: rgb(82, 177, 255); font-family: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 22pt; color: rgb(82, 177, 255);">Bacteria <span style="font-size: 22pt; color: rgb(82, 177, 255); font-family: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 22pt; color: rgb(82, 177, 255);">Mammals <span style="font-size: 22pt; color: rgb(82, 177, 255); font-family: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 22pt; color: rgb(82, 177, 255);">Dinosaurs <span style="font-size: 22pt; color: rgb(82, 177, 255); font-family: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 22pt; color: rgb(82, 177, 255);">Reptiles <span style="font-size: 22pt; color: rgb(82, 177, 255); font-family: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 22pt; color: rgb(82, 177, 255);">Birds <span style="font-size: 22pt; color: rgb(82, 177, 255); font-family: Symbol;">· <span style="font-size: 22pt; color: rgb(82, 177, 255);">Lice

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Microscope observations
1. Tap water · Cells · Other blue things 2. Pond water · Water bubbles · Dirty cells 3. Leaf · Green things · Air bubbles 3. Dead leaf · Dead cells

Conclusion All living systems contain cells

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Things need to survive
· Water · Oxygen · Healthy Food · Me · Heat · Shelter · Plants · Animals · Other air systems · Space · Waste Disposal · Exchange of gases O2 and CO2

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Human Cells Challenge
<span style="font-size: 260%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">How do human cells get the things they need to survive?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">How do they get food?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">How do they get water?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">How do they get oxygen?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">How do they get Rid of waste?
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">When we breathe in oxygen it goes to the lungs and the blood collects the oxygen and travels to the heart.The heart pumps the blood and the oxygenated blood goes to all the cells. When we eat and drink the blood collects the food from our stomach and travels to the heart. The heart pumps the blood to all the cells to keep them alive.
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">All the food we eat goes through the blood and to the cells
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">All the water we drink goes through the blood and to the cells
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">They breathe all the oxygen we breathe
 * <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">All their waste goes out with ours

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Human challenge quiz Circulatory System quiz
<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">1. What are the basic needs of all living cells? <span style="color: rgb(0, 58, 128);">All cells need food, water and oxygen <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">and waste disposal. OK! 2. How do the cells in multicellular organisms get the resources they need to stay alive? <span style="color: rgb(0, 58, 128);">All the cells get what they need from the resources that we organism breathe in or eat or drink <span style="color: rgb(99, 90, 252);">Multicellular organisms have specialized structures to transport resources to cells. <span style="color: rgb(26, 17, 141);"> x 3. What is the main function of the left side of the human heart? <span style="color: rgb(0, 58, 128);">The left side of the human heart is used to take the blood from the lungs and pump it around the body. <span style="color: rgb(99, 90, 252);">Correct OK! 4. What is the main function of the right side of the human heart? <span style="color: rgb(0, 58, 128);">The right side of the heart is used to collect deoxygenated blood and to pump it into the lungs to drop off carbon dioxide and to pick up oxygen <span style="color: rgb(99, 90, 252);">Correct Great! 5. What is the function of the red blood cells? <span style="color: rgb(0, 58, 128);">The function of the red blood cells is to deliver oxygen, nutrients, and water to cells <span style="color: rgb(99, 90, 252);"> Correct 1/2 6. What are the main kinds of blood vessels and what functions do they perform? <span style="color: rgb(0, 58, 128);">White blood cells (NOT VESSELS!) : Kill germs x Veins: They carry the blood from the capillaries back towards the heart. OK! Arteries: The arteries take blood away from the heart. 1/2 Capillaries: The capillaries enable the exchange of water and chemicals between the blood and tissue. <span style="color: rgb(99, 90, 252);">Correct OK! 7. Describe what happens when blood flows through the lungs. <span style="color: rgb(0, 58, 128);">The deoxygenated blood drops off carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen. <span style="color: rgb(99, 90, 252);">The blood then takes the oxygen and ends it to the heart. then the heart pumps the blood and the oxygenated blood goes to all parts of the body OK! 8. Describe what happens when blood in capillaries flows past cells. <span style="color: rgb(0, 58, 128);">The blood cells release their oxygen, which passes through the surrounding wall and into the surrounding tissue. The tissue releases its waste, like carbon dioxide, which passes through the wall and into the red blood cells. <span style="color: rgb(99, 90, 252);">Correct 1/2

<span style="font-size: 20.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; color: red;">Score: 6.5 /8 Good job, Riddh! 15/3/09 Ms Hahn's corrections for you: 1. Food, water, gas exchange, and waste removal! 2. Blood flowing through the circulatory system delivers nutrients and removes waste 3. It collects blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body tissues. 4. It collects blood returning from the body tissues and pumps it out to the lungs. 5. They carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. 6. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. Capillaries touch all cells and carry out gas exchange and nutrient delivery. 7. Red blood cells release carbon dioxide for elimination and pick up oxygen for delivery. 8. Cells take water, food (sugar), minerals, and oxygen from the blood and transfer wastes to the blood.

Video Circulatory and Respiratory systems

 * Air is 1/5 of our body.
 * There are more than 1 billion Cells in your body.
 * Red cells give out O2 and Blue Cells take in CO2.
 * When we breathe in from our nose and when we breathe in from our moth it goes to the lungs together from the same pipe.
 * How long we can hold our breathe means that strong is our respiratory systems.
 * White cells removes viruses and help us live.
 * White cells lives only for few days.
 * Some people are born with disease which makes them have less blood so they need others to donate blood so they can live.
 * There are 4 blood types A B O AB
 * White blood cells are the most important.
 * When you run the blood move faster and heart pumps faster.
 * Right Heart side takes in O2 Left Heart side gives out CO2.
 * After you exercise your heart pumping becomes faster and when you rest it is much slower than usual.
 * Blood can travel very very fast
 * Capillaries are extremely small
 * One drop of blood = 5 million blood cells
 * Blood is blue inside the body
 * 1 white cell = 750 red cells

Digestive and Excretory Systems

 * 1) The speed of the pumping of the heart increases.
 * 2) Your lungs need more oxygen to supply the oxygen to the red blood cells and supply to all cells in the body.
 * 3) They need the gas of oxygen to keep active.
 * 4) Blood platelets form fibrin to stop the bleeding and forms a scape.
 * 5) If you lose to much blood you die due to blood loss and if the cells don't get the food the cells will die causing you to die.
 * 6) White blood cells to kill all the infections and diseases.
 * 7) Small intestine is as small as 2 fingers.
 * 8) Small intestine is covered with villi.
 * 9) Kidneys filter blood.
 * 10) Kidneys are responsible for blood pressure.
 * 11) If your kidneys stop working you die.

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Digestive and excretory systems The digestive system helps you digest food The excretory systems gets rid of waste There is hydrochloric acid in your stomach. The stomach needs to cover its walls with mucus to stop the acid from damaging the stomach 1 acid will vanish, and 1 will remain.

**//THE DISASSEMBLY LINE//** REVIEW
1. Why do people eat food? <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">We eat food because it keeps all our cells alive. The blood collects all the food from our body and spreads it to all the cells to keep us active and alive. 2. What happens to food in the digestive system? The food we eat goes inside our stomach. Ones it reaches our stomach the blood collects all the food (converted into sugar) and then goes to all parts of our body. 3. Describe the path taken by food as it passes through the digestive system. The food goes through the blood, the food pipe and the kidneys. 4. Explain what happens to food at each place in the digestive system. At the food pipe the chewed food is eaten At the kidneys it gets cleaned At the stomach it gets converted into sugar and At the blood it gets delivered to the cells. 5. How does digested food get to cells? When the blood reaches the stomach the blood collects the nutrients (containing sugar) 6. Why do people need kidneys? We need kidney to waste these chemicals, along with bits of dead cells, salts and acids and end up in the blood flow. If these waste materials were allowed to build up, the environment would soon be unfit to support living cells. 7. Describe how kidneys work. Kidneys act like filters, separating the cellular wastes from the blood. The waste materials, Including salts and nitrogen compounds, are removed from the blood and converted to urine. The urine flows through a tube into your bladder for storage.

Support-System Quiz
1) The digestive system provides food for all the cells so it has a huge part for our cells because it keeps us alive. The digestive systems first takes in the food we eat to our stomach, Then the blood collects all the nutrients from the food we eat and spread it to all the cells. 2) The respiratory system provides all the oxygen for all the cells so it also has a huge part for our cells because it keeps us alive. First, when we breathe oxygen when it reaches our lungs the blood collects the oxygen and spreads it to all the cells. 3) The Circulatory system Provides oxygen to all the cells. 4) The Kidney Filters all the blood and makes it clean so it is suitable for the cells.

A Perfect PinateA perfect Parallel

CELERY EXPERIMENT A
Design an experiment to get information about rootless celery and water. The materials available to you include: 2 Stalks of celery with leaves 2 Stalks of celery without leaves 4 Vials
 * Experimental Design**

1 vial holder

measurement tools While you work on your experimental design, think about these three things. • Leaves might affect how celery interacts with water. • The mass of the celery might change. • The volume of water in the vial might change.

Testable question:
Will the celery without leaves Grow?

Plan to answer our question:
Step 1) Measure how much water (ml) each vial can hold Step 2) We will decrease water from the vial by 5 ml each starting from 30 ml Step 3) We wait and see what the results are


 * Celery Condition || Starting volume of water (mL) || Ending volume of water (mL) || Starting mass of celery (g) || Ending mass of celery (g) ||
 * Stick w/ leaves || 25 ml || 25 ml || 22 g || 18 g ||  ||   ||
 * Stick w/o leaves || 25 ml || 19 ml || 22 g || 27 g ||  ||
 * Stick w/ leaves 2 || 25 ml || 23 ml || 32 g || 22 g ||  ||
 * Stick w/o leaves 2 || 25 ml || 17 ml || 52 g || 41 g ||  ||

CELERY OBSERVATIONS AFTER 1 DAY BUT // BEFORE // MEASURING
** 1. What is the general condition of the celery stalks compared to yesterday? It is more lighter and looks a bit different. 2. How did the water in the vial change from yesterday? It decreased. 3. What do you think happened to the water? I think the Celery absorbs the water. **

RED DYE CELERY OBSERVATIONS
1. What did you observe when you first looked at the red-dyed whole celery stalk? I see that the veins are Red in color. 2. What did you observe when you then looked at the cross section of the celery stalk? I saw some Red dots a big chunk of red. 3. What do you think the red dots are in the celery stalk cross section? I think these are the veins or they are the root 4. What is the relationship between the red dots and water in the celery stalk? So the red veins just absorb the red water which makes them red. **MY CONCLUSIONS FOR CELERY EXPERIMENT B:** The Conclusion was That the veins absorb all the red dyed cell and the veins turn red. <span style="color: rgb(170, 170, 170);">

Photosynthesis review questions

1. Sugar is a source of energy and building material for plants. It is created by the phloem in the veins and then is carried all over the plant to give it energy. 2. The raw materials that plants need to build sugar molecules is carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atom. 3. Chlorophyll plays the role of making the leaves green and because the leaves are green due to chlorophyll it is able to make its own food. 4. The products of photosynthesis are water, carbon dioxide and sunlight. The water, carbon dioxide and sunlight goes to the leaves (phloem) through xylem to make sugar for plants to live. 5. Plants make their food in the leaves using chlorophyll. 6. It's possible to run on solar energy because<span style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 20px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;"> solar energy is sunlight and light creates sugar for plants. if their is no sunlight, plants would not be able to create sugar, and they would die. Then the herbivores wouldn't have any food to eat, then they will die. After that, the carnivores wouldn't have any other animals to eat, and they will die. And we won't have any animals or plants to eat, and eventually, we will die.


 * Notes on video "Plant Structure and Growth":**

1. First, The plant is watered. Then he water goes to the xylem collects all the nutrients. Then the xylem takes all the nutrients and goes to the leaves where the nutrients is converted into sugar. Then the phloem takes all sugar and gives all the cells the sugar they need to live. First, The plant is watered. Then he water goes to the xylem collects all the water and spreads it to the leaves. then the leaves gives it to all the cells in that leaf when all the cells in the leaf get the water then the xylem collects them and does it to the other plant. This keeps on going till all the cells have water The leaves turn pink because the leaves have veins in them. The veins absorb all the water that is given to them but, when the veins is provided with red dye then the veins has to absorb all the red-dye which makes the veins turn pink. When the veins goes to the leaves they turn pink. 4. In what ways are blood and sap the same. They both are in a living organism. **
 * Vascular Plants Thinking:
 * 2.** ** My Terrestrial Environments Journal We used a large basin, 8 barley seeds, 8 corn, 8 peas, 8 clover, 800 ml of water, 50 ml of stone

500 ml of sand, and 1L soil. ** What we did: Terrarium observations


 * We added 500 ml of water. We planned a little bit more because we wont be watering over the weekend so it doesn't dry up.
 * We covered the terrarium with foil

= T errarium Observations 6/5/09=


 * * We noticed that our first corn seed has died.
 * * We noticed that there is some mold in the terrarium.
 * * We noticed that the terrarium has flooded. Again.
 * * We noticed that the terrarium has flooded. Again.

Terrarium Observations 15/5/09

We found that flour is not the food for yeast sugar is. After the water bath, Crunched cookies etc. Sugar made the yeast bigger.

= Q uestions to consider:=

· How do the sides and the top of the terrarium look? 24/4/09 very very wet. it looks like there was a lot of condensation. 27/4/09 It looks a little bit better. But it still needs something. We are all wondering what. **29/4/09 They look dry. Plants have started to grow. 4/5/09 The soil is green and the plants are dying.

But, we put some water to keep it alive.** 11/5/09 They look pretty dry 15/5/09 · How does the soil look? 24/4/09 It looks flooded. we put a lot of soil. 27/4/09 It looks a little bit better since we put more soil. But it still has more water than it needs. **29/4/09 The soil looks good. I really think the plants will grow faster.** **4/5/09 The soil looks green.** 11/5/09 Very dry · Have any seed sprouted? 24/4/09 No. Not yet but the flood did bring the seeds up. 27/4/09 yes, Corn has sprouted and clover is very close. **4/5/09 Clover, Corn, Radish, Barley.** 11/5/09 Yes · What kind of seed sprouted first? What kind of seed sprouted last? 27/4/09 Corn Sprouted first and no other seeds have sprouted. **4/5/09 Corn first, Radish Last** · What kind of plant grows best in your terrarium? 27/4/09 Corn. Because it is the first one to grow **4/5/09 Clover** 11/5/09 Corn first, Radish last · How have the living factors of the environment changed? 29/4/09 Not major factors yet. 1/5/09 Ants, Plants, Other insects. **4/5/09** Ants, Plants, Other insects. 11/5/09 Ants, Plants, Other insects · How have the nonliving factors of the environment changed? 29/4/09 Not major factors yet. 1/5/09 Plastic. **4/5/09** Plastic. 11/5/09 Plastic · Which organisms found your terrarium a favorable environment? Why do you think so? Clover because it is growing very fast · How would you recommend planting seeds in a terrarium? How much soil should be on top of the seed? Do different types of seeds require different planting techniques? 11/5/09 We put all the seed of the same kind near each other. 3 layers. No. · How is the environment in your terrarium different than the more common environment for corn, barley, clover, radishes, and peas? 11/5/09 Our terrarium is small which might affect. · If you were going to set up a terrarium again, what would you do differently and why? 11/5/09 We will put water more frequently so it grows better. · What factors might affect the growth of the plants in your terrarium if you repeated the investigation during a different season? In a different room in the school? In a different part of the country? 11/5/09 Yes it will have a huge difference What structures do vascular plants have to transport water? Xylem They are Tubes to transport water and minerals to cells. 11/5/09 Because they need water to live What structures do vascular plants have to transport sugar? Phloem They are Tubes to transport sugar to cells. 11/5/09 Because they need sugar to live

PHOTOSYNTHESIS > **The form of food produced in plants is sugar. The process that makes sugar is called** PHOTOSYNTHESIS**.** PHOTOSYNTHESIS **happens in green cells.** > **This is the equation:** > > >
 * Every single cell need water for the whole plant to grow and live.
 * Most plants have chlorophyll but all plants have tissues & organs.
 * Plants need water, air, and sunlight.
 * Plants get the sunlight from the leaves and usually the water evaporates.
 * General is the biggest living organism in the world.
 * It will take 25 people to link hands and go in a circle. That is how wide that tree is!!!
 * When we eat a carrot we are eating a root.
 * Plant cannot see.
 * Geotropism Is called when roots go down.
 * There are over 100 types of leaves.
 * Stomata is like the "mouth" of the leaf.Cancel
 * Some leaves have stomata in the bottom
 * The photosynthesis occurs in the mesophyll.
 * The stem connects to a leaves and helps the plant stand up tall so it can reach for the sun.
 * All plants need food, Water, Sunlight, Gas exchange
 * All Plants have tissues, Roots, Rigid cell walls, Chlorophyll9 and Organs.
 * Xylem And Phloem are the only 2 tissues.
 * Xylem brings water and nutrients to the leaves.
 * Phloem brings sugar to all over the plant.
 * They both are made up of vascular plants.
 * Both have vascular bundles.
 * The old rings are in the middle and the new ones are on the outside.
 * The more nutrients they get provided the more thicker the rings are.
 * The energy in the sun

1) People eat food because our cells need food to break down into sugar for energy. 2) Our cells get the energy from the food we eat by digesting it and changing it into sugar and breacking it down for food. 3) Plant cell get the energy they need by

**How Much Sugar in our Cereals?

What we did: We chose 2 cereals that we thought might be HIGH and LOW in sugar content. We predicted captain crunchies containing the highest amount of sugar and corn flakes containing the least amount of sugar. **


 * Food tested || Amount of Co2 after 10mins || Amount of Co2 after 20 mins ||
 * Koko Crunch || 100 ml || 200 ml ||
 * Corn flakes || 0 ml || 0 ml ||
 * Corn Flakes || 50 ml || 100 ml ||
 * Captain Crunch || 100 ml || 200 ml ||
 * Choco Bits || 100 ml || 0 ml ||
 * Corn Flakes || 50 ml || 0 ml ||
 * || 50 ml ||  ||
 * || 50 ml ||  ||
 * || 50 ml ||  ||
 * || 50 ml ||  ||
 * || 50 ml ||  ||

**Brine Shrimp Hatching** 1. The problem: Migratory birds go to Mono lake to feast on brine shrimp.

2. What we did: We used to get 150 ml of water and filled it with 50 ml of salt. Then we swirled the cup so it is dissolved into the water. Then we filled that water with 4 mini spoons of brine shrimp to see if brine shrimp hatches with more or less salt. 3. After 24 hours we noticed that the brine shrimps made some very little movement and kept on repeating. 4. After 48 hours we noticed that the brine shrimps are ALMOST all-hatched. Few are struggling but sugar 3 spoons are the strongest ones. 5. I predict Brine Shrimps need more sugar to hatch.

Letter to Dr. Bryns

Dear Mr. Bryns Me and My friend have been working on an experiment were we take 150 ml of water and pour it in 4 cups each. Then we collected 50 ml of salt and in container 1 we poured none. In container 2 we poured 1 spoon in container 2 we poured 2 spoons. In container 3 we poured 3 spoons. So we have found the solution to your question.

**How can we find out if the eggs that have not hatched in the cups are still viable? (Alive or able to grow)

Our Plan:

1. we add another 3 spoons to the cup with 0 spoons making it 3 spoons. We also changed 0 spoons-3 spoons, 1 spoon, 6 spoons, 2 spoons-9 spoons, 3 spoons-12 spoons 2. 3. 4.**

After 48 hours... 1. Were the eggs in the 0-spoons and 4,5,6 and higher spoon cups viable? Yes, They were viable, and we all were very shocked. We add more spoons in each one and it was still hatching 2. Was the hatching robust or did only a few hatch? Only a few hatched. 3. What advantage is it to the brine shrimp to postpone hatching in salt solutions that are very diluted (little salt) or very concentrated ( much salt). No, There is absolutely no advantage because if it doesn't grow it will die.

G lossary= = =

=<span style="color: rgb(26, 17, 141);"> = <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 58, 128);">Pulse - The result of the blood being pushed through the blood vessels by beating of the heart. Cells - The basic unit of life. Oxygen - Atmospheric gas (in the air) to support life. Carbon dioxide - Waste gas produced by all living things. Heart - The organ that pumps the deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the oxygenated blood around the body. Blood - is a Liquid that flows to and from the cells in the blood vessels. Blood Vessels - The arteries, veins and capillaries that carry blood around the body. Cross Section - Is a cut across an object and exposes its internal structure. Vascular Plants - A multicellular plant that has vessels for transporting water, minerals, and sugar to all its cells. Xylem - Found in vascular plants. Tubes to transport water and minerals to cells. Phloem - Found in vascular plants. Tubes to transport sugar to cells. Classify - Sorting things out into classes or groups (scientists do this all the time) Palmate, Pinnate and Parallel are the three ways vascular plants can be classified. Stomata - <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Baskerville; font-size: 16px; line-height: normal;"> any of the minute pores in the epidermis of the leaf or stem of a plant, forming a slit of variable width that allows movement of gases in and out of the intercellular spaces. Also called stomate. <span style="color: rgb(0, 58, 128); font-family: arial; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px;">Food - A source of energy and building material for living systems. Photosynthesis - Is a chemical process in which cells produce energy - rich sugar molecules and release oxygen. Fat and protein - are groups of nutrients that provide and building blocks for growth. Mass - is a quantity of matter. Sunlight - is a solar energy, light from the sun. Starches - are chemical produce by plants to store food Molecules - is a particle made of 2 or more atoms. A sugar molecules is made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms. Yeast - It is a single celled organism. Cellular respiration is the process by which plants and animal cells break down sugar to get energy, releasing carbon dioxide.

The human heart has four chamber Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle

The circulatory system-includes tissues (blood and blood vessels) and organs (heart) that transport life-support substances to cells AND removes waste! The respiratory system-includes the tissues an organs (lungs) that provide gas exchange (O2 and CO2) between the blood and atmosphere. > <span style="color: rgb(26, 17, 141);">