JakeS+'s+Science+Journal

LIVING SYSTEMS Jacob Schaffner == Cats Dogs People Plants Reptiles Plankton Single cell organisms Bacteria See life Birds Viruses Page 1 = = = = = = =Jacob S.= = = 24/2/09 Microscope observations 1. tap water I saw little bubbles and small germs. 2. pond water I saw many germs and green bubbles 3. leaf I saw a brown line and lost of water cells. 4. dead leaf I saw water and brown dry surroundings.

Page 2

What are some of the things that all organisms need?

· Water · Air · Food · Body temp · Shelter · Habitat · Reproduction system? · Back door disposal · Exchange of gasses 2o co2

Human Cell Challenge

How do human cells gat the things they need to survive? How do they get food? I think they take some food. Now I think... How do they get oxygen? I think the lungs push out extra oxygen to supply the cells. Now I think...

How do they get rid of wast? I think their wast is are sweat. Now I think... How do they get water? I think the water is from the human excess. Now I think...

> Glossary > Pulse- the result of the blood being pushed through the blood vessels by the beating of the heart > Heart-the organ the pumps the deoxygenated blood to lungs and the oxygenated blood around the body > Blood-vessel- the arteries that can carry the blood around. > How do they get oxygen? I think the lungs push out extra oxygen to supply the cells. The cells get get oxygen from the red blood cells when they cary it around the body. > How do they get rid of wast? I think their wast is are sweat. The cells let out carbindioxsid which eventually comes out of us. > How do they get water? I think the water is from the human execs. Xylem-found. The red blood cells cary water around to. > Cross section-is a cut across an object and exposes its internal system. > Vascular plants-a multicellular plant that has vessels for transport water and minerals, and sugar to all its cells. > .Xylem-found in vascular plants. Tubes to transport water and minerals to cells. > Phloem-found in vascular plants. Tubes to transport sugar to cells. > Sap-the sugar-rich liquid flowing in the phloem. > transport > Stomas The pours that let out allows the plant to have gas exchange.

**Notes on video "Plant Structure and Growth":**

1. Describe how all the cells in a vascular plant gets sugar. The sugar gets to the cells by the phloem. The phloem gets the sugar from the leaves the phloem transports the sugar when ever it is needed and were it needed. 2. Describe how all the cells in a vascular plant get water. The cells get water from the xylem. The water is retrieve from the roots and is transported to were ever it is needed. Which all so helps the leaves make sugar. 3. Why do the leaves turn pink when a celery stalk is placed in red dye. The red dye stains the the xylems and the water the stains the leaves because the water goes to the cels. 4. In what ways are blood and sap the same. The blood and sap the same because it fills it the planets and supplies the plant with what it needs to survive. **
 * Vascular Plants Thinking:

Making Food-Article
1. Plants do not produce food without water.✔ 2. Plants do not produce food without light. ✔ 3. Plants do produce food without water.✔ 4. Pants do produce food without oxygen.✔ 5. Plants do not produce food without CO2.✔ 6. Plants do not produce food from the sand they grow in. ✔ 7. The variables that plants need are CO2, WATER, and LIGHT.✔ 8. The mass of the food comes from the CO2, WATER,and LIGHT.✔ 9. Their data helps me find out the the food produce and what they need to grow. ✔ 1. What structures do vascular plants have for transporting sugar? The plant uses phloem that only transports sugar.✔

2. What structures do vascular plants have for transporting water? The plant uses xylems that only transport water ad minerals. page 5 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM REVIEW

Answer these questions: 1. What are the basic needs of all living cells? Food, water, oxygen, waste disposal. Correct. 1/2 2. How do the cells in multicellular organisms get the resources they need to stay alive? Food oxygen, water, waste disposal. Correct. x 3. What is the main function of the left side of the human heart? The left side of the heart is to pump the deoxygenated blood to were the blood can be oxygenated. That is what the right side of the hart dose. x 4. What is the main function of the right side of the human heart? The right side of the heart is to pump all the oxygenated blood around the rest of the body which also gives the cells food. That is what the left side of the hart dose. OK! 5. What is the function of the red blood cells? The red blood cells purpose is to supply the cells with food, water and oxygen. Correct. 1/2 6. What are the main kinds of blood vessels and what functions do they perform? The main kinds of blood vessels are arteries and capillaries the take blood to all the cells in the body. Correct. x 7. Describe what happens when blood flows through the lungs. The heart takes all the deoxygenated blood cells and pumps it to the lungs to get more oxygen. <span style="color: rgb(0,0,255);">Correct. 1/2 8. Describe what happens when blood in capillaries flows past cells. <span style="color: rgb(255,0,0);">The capillaries are so thin the red blood cells have to flow in single file the capillaries give oxygen to the cells but when red blood cells are passing the capillaries can not give oxygen. Correct. x

1. The hart will speed up the more you will exercise the more you will use oxygen and the faster your hart will need blood. 2. Your lungs need more oxygen to supply the oxygen to the red blood cells and supply to all cells in the body. They need the gas of oxygen to keep them active. 4. Get rid of co2. 5. The blood makes platelets form fibrin to stop the bleeding and forms a scab. 6. If you bleed to much you can loos to much blood and then if there is no blood the other cell cant get what they need. 7. White blood cells to kill all sorts of sickness.

<span style="font-family: Arial; color: red; font-size: 20pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Score: 2.5 /8 Check these to learn it, Jake! 15/3/09 Ms Hahn's corrections for you: 1. Food, water, gas exchange, and waste removal! 2. Blood flowing through the circulatory system delivers nutrients and removes waste 3. It collects blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body tissues. 4. It collects blood returning from the body tissues and pumps it out to the lungs. 5. They carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. 6. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. Capillaries touch all cells and carry out gas exchange and nutrient delivery. 7. Red blood cells release carbon dioxide for elimination and pick up oxygen for delivery. 8. Cells take water, food (sugar), minerals, and oxygen from the blood and transfer wastes to the blood.

Video:Circulatory and Respiratory System
The blood stream carries all the waste not just some of it. I learned that after you run the most effective way to gan back is to breath deeply. The heart never rest. Your body try to stop you from bleeding. You can donate blood and if you are A O B AB. White blood cells die wile fighting germs. Right side of the hart will be right back left side of the hart will go a long way. Your hart relaxes between each bet and expanse in beats. Your blood go around the body in less than a minute which is 2 times around the world.

<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> D igestive and Excretory Systems.
 * //<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">THE DISASSEMBLY LINE //<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">REVIEW **1. Why do people eat food? <span style="color: rgb(128,0,128);"><span style="color: rgb(128,0,128);">People eat food to feed their cell and take what they need from you like sugar. <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">2. What happens to food in the digestive system? <span style="color: rgb(128,0,128);">The food gose to the stomach where there is acid that brakes down the food to be broken down in to small pieces. <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">3. Describe the path taken by food as it passes through the digestive system. <span style="color: rgb(128,0,128);">It first goes in to the mouth and you chop it up with your teeth the saliva brakes down the food in the mouth and goes to the stomach and the acid brakes up the food in to small pieces. The good food goes to the blood streams and the bad food goes to the anus. 4. Explain what happens to food at each place in the digestive system. In the mouth the food starts to get broke down by the teeth it is chewed the saliva brakes down food wile it's still in your mouth after that it is sent down to the stomach to be broken down it to even smaller pieces those pieces are sent to the liver to be separated in to good food and waste the good food goes to the red blood cells and the bad food goes to the intestines and eventually to the anus. 5. How does digested food get to cells? The food gets to the cells by the blood streams. 6. Why do people need kidneys? People need kidneys to filter your blood <span style="color: rgb(255,0,41);">and to separate the good and the bad food. 7. Describe how kidneys work. <span style="color: rgb(128,0,128);">Kidneys act like filers separating waste from your blood such as waste materials including salts ,nitrogen compounds are removed from the blood and turned in to urine.

Digestive System notes:

Your body produces saliva that brakes down the food into smaller part after been chopped by your teeth. Stomach acid brakes down the food. Stomach acid is so strong that the stomach has to put a thick layer of mucus to protect the stomach from its own acid. Prediction: The still water will soak the egg and make it soft. they are all needed to digest 99% is not made waste it is used and 1% is waste.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS This is the equation: ** Solar energy must be present with the 6 molecules of carbon dioxide and 12 molecules of water in order fore PHOTOSYNTHESIS (or the making of sugar) to occur. Every thing that you eat turns into water.
 * The form of food produced in plants is sugar. The process that makes sugar is called** PHOTOSYNTHESIS **.** PHOTOSYNTHESIS **happens in green cells.

Cellular respiration

1. People eat food to feed their cells with the right amount of sugar and energy. 2. The cells get energy from the food they eat the food they eat has serton amout of energy and different kinds.

What we did: We chose 2 cereals that we thought might be HIGH and LOW is sugar content. Then we added some hot water and yeast and we put 3g of high sugar cereal in one and the other we which is low in sugar and tested them both and put them in hot water for 10 mins.

Conclusion The resalts were what I exspected but what I got from this was the more sugar the more CO2 will be created and I also learnd that The water has to be a serten tempeture because yeast is the only oganizem that also needs warmth.
 * Food Tested || Amount of CO2 in 10 mins. || Amount of CO2 in 20 ins ||
 * Coco Crunch || 100 ml || 200 ml ||
 * Corn flakes || 0 ml || 100 ml ||
 * Captain crunch || 50 ml || 230 ml ||
 * Coco bits || 100 ml || 0 ml ||
 * Corn flakes || 100 ml || 0 ml ||
 * Cookie crisps || 50 ml || 50 ml ||
 * frosted flacks || 150 ml || 150 ml ||
 * Coco crunch || 150 ml || 150 ml ||
 * Cheerios || 50 ml || 50 ml ||
 * sugar control || 50 ml || 50 ml ||

Glossary Pulls- the result of the blood being pushed through the blood vessels by the beating of the hart Hart-the organ the pumps the deoxygenated blood to lungs and the oxygenated blood around the body Blood-vessel- the arteries veins and capillaries that can carry the blood around. Cell- if the basic unit of life Oxygen-is an atmospheric (gas in the air) needed to support life! Carbon dioxide-waste a gas produce by all living things Blood-is a liquid that flows to and from cells in Blood Vessels The human hart has fore chambers-right atrium right ventricle lift atrium left ventricle The circulator system -includes tissues (blood and blood vessels) and organs (hart) that transport life-support substances to cells AND removes waste! The respiratory system-includes the tissues an organ (lungs) that provide gas exchanges (O2 and CO2) between the blood and atmosphere. Classify-Sorting things out in to classes and groups (scientists) this all the time. Palmate, pinnate ,and parallel are the three ways leaves are classified. Yeast is a signal celled organism. Cellular respiration is the process by which plants and animal cell break down sugar to get energy, releasing carbon dioxide in the process.

Review

1. Wiki notebooks. 2. Living systems p. 2-14 3. Answer the following questions p. 14. a. what support dose the digestive system provide for cells? It provides a way to and take wast out and it also filters the blood. b. what support does the circulatory system provide for cells? The circulatory system provides a way to bring food around the body. d. what support dose the kidney provide for cells? The kidneys provide a way to filter the blood of waste.

= Vascular Plants = Pinnate is a leaf that has rigged edjeseges and can be different shapes. palmate is a leaf that has multiple leaves on one stem parallel is a leaf that its veins go parallel.



**CELERY EXPERIMENT A**
Design an experiment to get information about rootless celery and water. The materials available to you include: 2 Stalks of celery with leaves 2 Stalks of celery without leaves 4 Vials
 * Experimental Design**

1 vial holder

measurement tools While you work on your experimental design, think about these three things. • Leaves might affect how celery interacts with water. • The mass of the celery might change. • The volume of water in the vial might change. ** Plan to answer our question: Will the celery grow with roots. Measure how much water each vile will holed. We will decrease water from each vile by 5 ml each starting from 30 ml We wait and see the results **
 * Testable question:**


 * Celery Condition || Starting volume of water (mL) || Ending volume of water (mL) || Starting mass of celery (g) || Ending mass of celery (g) ||
 * Stick w/ leaves || 25ml || 19ml || 22g || 18g ||  ||   ||
 * Stick w/o leaves || 30ml || 25ml || 22g || 27g ||  ||
 * Sick w/ leaves || 25ml || 23ml || 32g || 22g ||  ||
 * stick w/o leaves || 30ml || 17ml || 52g || 41g ||  ||

**CELERY OBSERVATIONS AFTER 1 DAY BUT //BEFORE// MEASURING 1. What is the general condition of the celery stalks compared to yesterday?It weighs more than yesterday and the leaves were cleaner then yesterday. 2. How did the water in the vial change from yesterday?the amount changed and the water did not as clean. 3. What do you think happened to the water? The water was not as tranceparent and there was not as much as there was befor. RED DYE CELERY OBSERVATIONS 1. What did you observe when you first looked at the red-dyed whole celery stalk? The red dye made the plant droop and you can see the cross section muck better because they are red. 2. What did you observe when you then looked at the cross section of the celery stalk? It was red and you could see them much better. 3. What do you think the red dots are in the celery stalk cross section? I think the red dots are the xylem's of the plant. 4. What is the relationship between the red dots and water in the celery stalk? The red represents the water and were the xylem's.

6CO2 + 12HO2 - C6H1206 + 602 + 6H20 **

My conclusion is I thought that the celery would have more mass than befor but instead it had much less than befor and the leaves were not as green as befor.
 * MY CONCLUSIONS FOR CELERY EXPERIMENT B:**

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

1. Sugar is a combination of water, CO2, light. 2. The raw materials needed by plants are water, CO2, and solar energy. 3. Chlorophyll is the green in the plant and in other plants it is the leaves. 4. The products of photosynthesis are water, CO2, and light they go to the leaves to get turned into sugar. 5. The plants produce food in the leaves. 6. The plants use solar energy and we eat plants so we also eat solar energy in the plants so that means we run on solar energy.

Yeast experiment observations. We found out that the flower is not the food for the yeast and sugar is much more affective. Yeast dose not need flower to survive.

Notes on video plant structures

Plants that live next to water are not vascular plants and if they are not they are. Plants have rigid cells but animals have cells like plastic bags. General Sherman is the biggest living thing in the world. Roots always go downward geotropism. Some plants take water from the air. The photosynthesis is in the leaf. The roots take up the water. All plants need food ,water, oxogen, gas disposal, waste disposal. chlorophyll to make sugar planet have rigged cell walls and tissue and the vascular bundle here are xylems and flow-em. Xylems bring water all over the plant and flow-em gives sugar to the leaves. They both have vascular bundles. The rings in a tree are from the tissue each year the old ones are in the middle the old ones are on the out side. The rings are wider the rings the wetter that year was. the thiner the ring the dryer the year was. They both transport sugar and water and have waste disposal and gas disposal.

**2.** ** My Terrestrial Environments Journal What we did: We put in 500ml of water because 800ml was to much.

We used a large basin for the soil and seeds

.

We also used 1 letter of soil and 50 ml of small

rocks and 500 ml of sand. 800 ml of water.

8 corn seeds

8 pea seeds

8 barely seeds

8 clover seeds

8 radish seeds

Questions to consider: **

· How do the sides and the top of the terrarium look? 22.5.09 The wall looker very condensed. 27/4/09 It looked the same.29/4/09 The sides are dryer than last time.1/5/09 They are now very dry.6/5/09 We putted in to much water and droplets cover 11/5/09 We noticed that the walls are dry.

· How does the soil look? 22.4.09 The soil look flooded and over watered. 27/4/09 it looks a little flooded. 29/4/09 The soil looks moist but not fooled.1/5/09 The soil is dry.4/5/09 We have added 300 ml of water and we put plastic-wrap on the top of the container.11/5/09 We noticed that the soil is wet because we recently added 150 ml. · Have any seed sprouted? 22.4.09 None of the seeds have sprouted. 27/4/09 The corn seed sprouted.29/4/09 The corn is still the only one.1/5/09 The corn is still the only one and it is starting to die. · What kind of seed sprouted first? What kind of seed sprouted last? 27/4/09 One of the corn seeds sprouted. 11/5/09 All the seeds have sprouted but the corn is still the biggest. · What kind of plant grows best in your terrarium? 27/4/09 The corn grows the fastest.1/5/09 It is still corn.4/5/09 The corn is starting to dye and the clover is growing and is beating the corn.11/5/09 We noticed the corn is starting to die. · How have the living factors of the environment changed?29/4/09 They are more isolated then the a farm.1/5/09 The soil is dyer .11/5/09 We noticed the soil is most. · How have the nonliving factors of the environment changed? 11/5/09 We noticed the soil has gotten dryer and wetter over time. · Which organisms found your terrarium a favorable environment? Why do you think so? · How would you recommend planting seeds in a terrarium? How much soil should be on top of the seed? Do different types of seeds require different planting techniques?11/5/09 We noticed the groups with less soil had better results. · How is the environment in your terrarium different than the more common environment for corn, barley, clover, radishes, and peas? 11/5/09 We noted the planets are more isolated in the terrarium. · If you were going to set up a terrarium again, what would you do differently and why?11/5/09 I would keep a better watch on the terrarium to see what I needed to do · What factors might affect the growth of the plants in your terrarium if you repeated the investigation during a different season?29/4/09 The amount of air. In a different room in the school? In a different part of the country?11/5/09 If it was raining or sunny.

**Brine Shrimp Hatching** 1. The problem: We wanted to find out...

We were trying find out what would happen to the brine shrimp if it can live so the migrating birds will get eat them and what is happening to the shrimp and the world.

2. What we did: We used... to... We used 150 ml of water and put a controlled amount of shrimp and put 0 spoons of salt and another with 1 and 2 and 3 spoons. 3. After 24 hours we noticed.... Thatthe shrimp that had 1 and 2 and spoons of salt are much more active than the 0 and 3 spoons of salt.

4. After 48 hours we noticed.... That many of the shrimp in all of the cups are stuck to the side of the cup and they might die but the after 1 day the 3 spoons of salt has over taken the 1 and 2 spoons of salt the shrimp is much more active. 1 spoon of salt some of the shrimp sank to the bottom I think the are not alive.

5. I predict that... After 72 hours so more of the shrimp will die because they need moving water so the water can contain O`2 and the water should be filtered as well.

 6. After 60 hours we noticed..... That the shrimp are bigger in the 3 spoons of salt and all the shrimp floated to the top in 0 spoons of salt they died and 1 spoon are dead as well.

My letter to Dr Bryans:

Dear Dr Bryans,

We wanted to see if the shrimp can have to much salt and if we could make the perfect environment for the shrimp if we app to much salt would flote to the to and suffocate and cant get back down to the bottom. If we could filter the water would they live longer and if we gave them a standard food as well.

**How can we find out if the eggs that have not hatched in the cups are still viable? (Alive or able to grow)

Our Plan:

1. We added more salt to shrimp and in each cup we added 3 spoons to 0 spoons of salt we added 6 to the 1 spoon of salt 9 spoons to the 2 spoons 12 spoons to the 3 spoons of salt. 2. We tried to find out if the shrimp eggs that has not hacht can still hatch. 3. We will check the shimp every other day. 4. We will also graph are resalts and reflect to are resalts.**

After 42 hours

1. Were the eggs in the 0-spoons and 4,5,6 and higher spoon cups viable? . 0 spoons very little of the shrimp hatched but the results are very similar to each other in how much they have hatched. 2. Was the hatching robust or did only a few hatch? A few of them hatched but still very little I think the eggs that were stuckwere dryed out and died. 3. What advantage is it to the brine shrimp to postpone hatching in salt solutions that are very diluted (little salt) or very concentrated ( much salt). In the egg the might muture faster because the will be used to the water and then will come out of there egg and be able to ajust faster.

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