Sofia+'s+Science+Journal

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=Title Page=





=Microscope Observations...Page 1= 24/2/09 Sofia’s Microscope Observations: 1. Tap water I saw… -White, moving cells. 2. Pond Water I saw… -Even MORE white, moving cells! 3. Leaf I saw… - Water - Some kind of bubble-looking cell. - Something red in the centre. 4. Dead Leaf I saw… -Small pools of Water. -The same bubble-looking cell.

Conclusion: Everything seems to be made of smaller pieces, Cells, air, and other things unseen by the naked eye.

=What Living Systems Need To Survive...Page 2= What are some of the things that all organisms need? -Water * -Air (Oxygen-Carbon dioxide) -Nutrients -Sleep 1/2 -Life -Shelter 1/2 -Warmth or Coldness -Lungs -Body - Hole for body waste -Blood

=Human Cells Challenge...Page 3=
 * How do human cells get the things they need to survive? I think by using the water in the body. Water has oxygen in it, which will allow the cells to breathe.I know now that human cells get the food and gases from the water that surrounds them.
 * How do they get food? I think they get food from the water and maybe the blood cells. I know now that human cells get food from the surrounding water.
 * How do they get water?I think they get water from the water they live in. I know now that human cells get water from the environment.
 * How do they get oxygen?I think they get oxygen from the water. I know now that human cells get oxygen from the water they live in.
 * How do they get rid of waste? I think they may have an anus. I know now that human cells dispose of their waste through a minuscule anus. Their waste is released into the water in the body.

=CIRCULATORY SYSTEM REVIEW=

Answer these questions: 1. What are the basic needs of all living cells? Basic needs of living cells are: Food, water, and gases.  Correct! 1/2 2. How do the cells in multicellular organisms get the resources they need to stay alive? Cells in multicellular organisms get their resources from the surrounding environment. Correct! x 3. What is the main function of the left side of the human heart? The main function of the left side of the human heart pumps blood throughout the body. Correct! 1/2 4. What is the main function of the right side of the human heart? The main function of the right side of the human heart pumps blood through the lungs. Correct! 1/2 5. What is the function of the red blood cells? A major function of the red blood cells is to carry oxygen to all the tissues from the lungs. Correct! 1/2 6. What are the main kinds of blood vessels and what functions do they perform? There are three kinds of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries. The arteries carry blood away from the heart and transport it to the rest of the body. The blood in arteries carries oxygen and nutrients to different parts of the body. The veins carry blood the opposite direction, back to the heart from the rest of the body. The blood in veins carry wastes that need to leave the body. The third kind of blood vessels is capillaries. They are very tiny. You would need a microscope to see one. They connect the arteries to the veins. They let oxygen and nutrients pass from the blood to body cells. They also let carbon dioxide and other wastes pass from the cells back into the blood. This is possible because the walls of the capillaries are so thin that substances can pass through easily. This happens through a process called diffusion. <span style="color: rgb(18, 171, 157);">Correct! Great!

7. Describe what happens when blood flows through the lungs. <span style="color: rgb(133, 31, 199);">In the lungs, carbon dioxide leaves the blood and oxygen is absorbed. <span style="color: rgb(18, 171, 157);">Correct! OK 8. Describe what happens when blood in capillaries flows past cells. <span style="color: rgb(133, 31, 199);">Oxygen-rich blood from the lungs is carried through a network of capillaries, which become the pulmonary vein. <span style="color: rgb(18, 171, 157);">Correct! 1/2 Score: 4.5/8 See these corrections, Sofia. 15/3/09 Ms Hahn's corrections for you: 1. Food, water, gas exchange, and waste removal! 2. Blood flowing through the circulatory system delivers nutrients and removes waste 3. It collects blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body tissues. 4. It collects blood returning from the body tissues and pumps it out to the lungs. 5. They carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. 6. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. Capillaries touch all cells and carry out gas exchange and nutrient delivery. 7. Red blood cells release carbon dioxide for elimination and pick up oxygen for delivery. 8. Cells take water, food (sugar), minerals, and oxygen from the blood and transfer wastes to the blood.

=Video: Circulatory & Respiratory Systems=
 * Doesn't need a warm-up
 * Millions of air sacs in the lungs
 * The lungs look like an upside-down tree
 * The Bronchi is the tube that oxygen and carbon dioxide come and go through
 * White blood cells are a type of 'solder' in your body
 * A, B, O, AB are the types of blood
 * Right side of the heart: Will be right back
 * Left side of the heart: Has left
 * It pays to keep your heart healthy
 * Blood cells return to the heart through the veins
 * One drop of blood= about 5 million red cells
 * 2 million blood cells are produced every second

Discussion After Video:
 * What happens to the heart rate during exercise? The heart rate increases.
 * Why does it happen? Because the red blood cells need the gas to take to other cells in the body.
 * How does help cell in the body? They need the gas oxygen to help keep our body working. They also have to get rid of CO2.
 * What happens when a blood vessel is cut? Blood platelets form fibrin to form a scab to stop blood cells from escaping.
 * How does this help the cells? If too many blood cells escape, the cells will die of blood loss. If this happens, the body will die of blood loss.
 * What other kinds of cells are in the blood, and what do they do? White blood cells are important because they fight away diseases.

=Heart Dissection:=

First, we cut open the right side of the heart. We saw the right atrium and the right Ventricle. Then we cut open the right side of the heart. We saw the right atrium and ventricle. We could actually stick our fingers through a hole in the heart! After that, we just poked around the spaces that seemed the most interesting in the heart.

=Digestive & Excretory Systems=
 * Gastric Juice is a substance inside your stomach
 * The saliva in your mouth helps the food get down to the stomach.
 * I think all the eggs in the tubes will be gone (Dissolved) except for the egg in the distilled water.
 * I was wrong. All the eggs are still intact, but the egg in the gastric juices are slightly dissolved.
 * The SMALL intestine is GIGANTIC!
 * Most of the time, only fibers make it to the large intestine.
 * Kidneys are very important.

=**//<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">THE DISASSEMBLY LINE //<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">REVIEW **= <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1. Why do people eat food? <span style="color: rgb(219, 67, 126);"> To feed the cells in their body. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2. What happens to food in the digestive system? <span style="color: rgb(219, 67, 126);">It dissolves into the acid in the stomach and travels down to the small intestine, where more acid is added. 3. Describe the path taken by food as it passes through the digestive system. <span style="color: rgb(219, 67, 126);">The food is first squeezed through the esophagus to the stomach. Then, the gastric juice (Acid) in the stomach breaks up the food to feed the cells. Then, the remaining food goes down the small intestine. It proceeds onto the large intestine, then, it comes out the anus as feces. 4. Explain what happens to food at each place in the digestive system. <span style="color: rgb(219, 67, 126);">In the esophagus, the food is squeezed down to the stomach. In the stomach, the food is mashed up to feed cells, and digestive juices are added. In the small and large intestine, more juices are added. Then, the food is slowly turned into feces and the food travels to the cells. 5. How does digested food get to cells? <span style="color: rgb(219, 67, 126);">The Gastric juice in the stomach breaks up the food, then the broken up food goes to the cells via the small intestine. 6. Why do people need kidneys? <span style="color: rgb(219, 67, 126);">To keep their blood cells clean. 7. Describe how kidneys work. <span style="color: rgb(219, 67, 126);"> The dirty blood flows into one side of the kidney, then comes out clean on the other side. All the urine in the kidney from the dirty cells is released through the urethra for girls and the penis for boys.

=Review=

What support does the digestive system provide for cells?<span style="color: rgb(52, 178, 52);"> The digestive system changes the food you eat to make nutrients for the cells. What support does the respiratory system provide for cells? <span style="color: rgb(52, 178, 52);">The respiratory system provides the oxygen cells need to survive. What support does the circulatory system provide for cells? <span style="color: rgb(52, 178, 52);">The circulatory system provides life for the cells. What support does the kidney provide for cells? <span style="color: rgb(52, 178, 52);">The kidneys clean the cells in your body to dispose of unwanted waste.

=Glossary= <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(88, 21, 132);">Cell- The basic unit of life! Oxygen- An atmospheric (in the air) gas needed to support life! Carbon Dioxide- A waste gas produced by all living things. Blood- A liquid that flows to and from cells in blood vessels. Pulse-A rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them. Heart- A hollow muscular organ that pumps the blood through the circulatory system by rhythmic contraction and dilation. Blood Vessels- A tubular structure carrying blood through the tissues and organs. Cross Section- A cut Across and object that exposes it's internal structure. Vascular Plants- A multicellular plant that has vessels for transporting water, minerals, and sugar to all it's cells. Xylem- Found in Vascular plants. Tubes to transport water and minerals for cells. Phloem- Found in vascular plants. Tubes to transport sugar to cells. Sap- The sugar-rich liquid flowing in the phloem. Classify- <span style="font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; color: rgb(11, 101, 93);">Sorting things out in classes or groups. (Scientists do this all the time.) <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; color: rgb(219, 67, 126);">Palmate, Pinnate, Parallel: Are the three ways vascular plants can be classified. Stomata-The tiny pores in the stem of a plant, forming a slit of variable width that allows movement of gases in and out of the intercellular spaces.

The human heart has four chambers-Right Atrium, Right ventricle, Left Atrium, Left ventricle. The circulatory system- includes tissue (Blood and blood vessels) and organs (heart) that transport life-support substances to cells AND removes waste! The respiratory system includes the tissues and organs (lungs) that provide gas exchange (CO2 & O2) Between the blood and atmosphere.

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(18, 171, 157);">Vascular Plants =

Classifications: Pinnate:

The most common type of vascular plant, the pinnate is a plant which has it's veins sticking out of the main mibrid. Parallel:

A type of vascular plant whose veins all go in the same direction. Usually, up. Palmate:

A plant like the palm of your hand. It's veins come out of the stem of the leaf. (The bottom center of the leaf.)

CELERY EXPERIMENT A
Design an experiment to get information about rootless celery and water. The materials available to you include: 2 Stalks of celery with leaves 2 Stalks of celery without leaves 4 Vials
 * Experimental Design**

1 vial holder

measurement tools While you work on your experimental design, think about these three things. • Leaves might affect how celery interacts with water. • The mass of the celery might change. • The volume of water in the vial might change. Which stalk of celery will absorb water faster? ** Plan to answer our question: ** <span style="color: rgb(133, 31, 199);"> 1. Place same amount of water each in 2 vials. 2. Place celery sticks in vials at about the same time. 3. Wait 24 hours, then measure how much water is left. 4. Record.
 * Testable question:**

1: 35 PM
 * Celery Condition || Starting volume of water (mL) || Ending volume of water (mL) || Starting mass of celery (g) || Ending mass of celery (g) ||
 * With Leafs A || 25 ml. || 8 ml. || 28 g || 31 g ||  ||   ||
 * Leafless A || 25 ml. || 20 ml. || 27 g || 29 g ||  ||

**CELERY OBSERVATIONS AFTER 1 DAY BUT //BEFORE// MEASURING 1. What is the general condition of the celery stalks compared to yesterday? **They look pretty much the same. In Vial Leaf A, the water has been decreased by a lot! In Vial No leaf A, The water seems the same amount as yesterday. 3. What do you think happened to the water? The celery used the water to feed itself. RED DYE CELERY OBSERVATIONS 1. What did you observe when you first looked at the red-dyed whole celery stalk? It looked like a normal celery, but with bright red streaks in it. 2. What did you observe when you then looked at the cross section of the celery stalk? It's got red dots. 3. What do you think the red dots are in the celery stalk cross section? The red dye in the xylem 4. What is the relationship between the red dots and water in the celery stalk? ** The celery stick was supposed to drain water, and it did, but it drained water with red dye in it, so it became red.
 * 2. How did the water in the vial change from yesterday?

Conclusion: The celery stick with leaves absorbs water faster than the celery stick without leaves. 1. What structures do vascular plants have for transporting water? We're not sure, but we think Xylem. 2. What structures do vascular plants have for transporting sugar? We're also not sure, but Phloem?

=Celery Observations B= Notes on video "Plant Structure and growth"
 * The oldest tree in the world lived for over 4,000 years
 * Vascular plants have veins.
 * All plants have tissues and organs.
 * They have cell walls and are multi-celled.
 * Most plants have Chlorophyll.
 * The biggest thing in the world is the General Sherman.
 * Tree trunks are also stems.
 * The root hairs take in all the nutrient.
 * Roots only grow down, or geotropism
 * Spanish moss is very romantic.
 * What do all plants have in common? They all have tissues and organs.
 * What does the xylem do? Gives the plants Nutrient.
 * What does the stem do? Connects the roots to the leaves and helps the plant reach the sun.
 * All plants have: Tissues and organs, cells, ridged walls, and chlorophyll.
 * The two types of vascular plant tissue are Xylem and Phloem.
 * Xylem brings water and nutrient to the leaves.
 * Phloem brings sugar to all the parts the plant needs it.
 * The trunk of a tree and the stem of a flower both have vascular bundles of Xylem and Phloem.
 * The rings in a tree are made every year by the new tissue. The old ones are in the middle, the new ones on the outside.
 * The vascular system in plants is like the human circulatory system by: They both transport water,nutrient, gas exchange, and elimination of waste.

=Making Food Article= 1. Plants do not process food when they do not have water. √ 2. Plants do not produce food unless they have light. √ 3. In some cases, plants do not need nitrogen to produce food. √ 4. In some cases, plants can produce food without oxygen. √ 5. Plants cannot produce food unless they have carbon dioxide. √ 6. Plants do not produce food from the sand they grow in. √ 7. The Variables that are essential for plants to produce food are: Water, light, and carbon dioxide. √ 8. The mass of the produced food comes from water and carbon dioxide. √ 9. My conclusion is that plants will not grow unless they have water, light, and carbon dioxide. To support my answer, I will use Paco and Eva's data. All the plants that have increased mass all have 3 variables in common: Water, Carbon Dioxide, and light.

PHOTOSYNTHESIS This is the equation: ** 6CO<span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">2 + 12H<span style="color: rgb(133, 31, 199);">2 O -> C6H<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">1<span style="color: rgb(128, 128, 0);">2 O6 + 6O<span style="color: rgb(18, 171, 157);">2 + 6H<span style="color: rgb(219, 67, 126);">2 O
 * The form of food produced in plants is sugar. The process that makes sugar is called** PHOTOSYNTHESIS**.** PHOTOSYNTHESIS **happens in green cells.

Solar Energy must be present with the 6 molecules of carbon dioxide and the 12 molocules of water in order for photosythesis (of the making of sugar) to occur. My cells only process sugar.

=<span style="font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; color: rgb(219, 67, 126);">Photosynthesis = <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 128, 128);">Questions for review: 1. Sugar is the nutrient that cells use for energy. 2. The raw materials needed by plants to create sugar molecules are Water, Carbon dioxide, and energy. The raw materials come from the sun. 3. The role played by chlorophyll is a molecule that absorbs red and blue light to make the green reflected on plants. 4. The product of photosynthesis is the plants nutrient, sugar. And it goes to the Phloem tubes. 5. Plants produce food in the leaves of the plant. This is because photosynthesis occurs on the leaves. 6. I run on Solar energy. This is possible because when we eat bread of a baked potato, you are eating energy stored by a plant. when you eat carrots, you get sugar from plants. All these things from plants are from sunlight.

In our group, we added sugar and the result of the bag squeezed is 50 ml. In Chris's group, they added sugar and the result of the bag squeezed is 50 ml. In Reina's group, they added sugar and the result of the bag squeezed is 100 ml. In the Just Because group, they added sugar and the result of the bag squeezed is 100 ml. In Riddh's group, they added flour (The only group to do it.) and the result of the bag squeezed is 10 ml. We found out that when flour is added to yeast, the yeast doesn't grow, but when sugar is added, the yeast grows at least twice it's normal size. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);"> Yeast is a single celled organism. Cellular respiration is the process by which plants and animal cells break down sgar to get energy, releasing carbon dioxide in the process.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);"> =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">** My Terrestrial Environments Journal ** = =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);"> = <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);"> ** We used one large basin, 1 l. soil, 800 ml. of water, 50 ml. rocks, 500 ml. sand, Clover, radish, barley, corn, and pea seeds. 24/4/09 We added 200 ml. of water to our tank because it looks a little dry. 11/5/09 All our plants died. I think it was because we did not put enough water in our terrarium and the strong heat dried up the plants. Questions to consider: ** · How do the sides and the top of the terrarium look? 22/4/09 The look wet and full of condensation.

24/4/09 Pretty normal-looking. (What does normal looking look like? They look normal garden-ey.) 27/4/09 Wet, full of dew drops. 29/4/09 Condensation and dew drop free. 1/5/09 Condensation and dew drop free. 4/5/09 Clear;transparent. 6/4/09 Clear, but with dry soil on the sides. · How does the soil look? 22/4/09 Damp and moist.

24/4/09 a little Dry, but still kind of damp. 27/4/09 Pretty wet. 29/4/09 Pretty dry, but a little moist. 1/5/09 Pretty dry. 4/5/09 Really dry; like a crevice. 6/4/09 Very dry. · Have any seeds sprouted? 22/4/09 No, the tank is too wet. 24/4/09 Yes, Clover. 27/4/09 Yes. 4 seeds have sprouted. 29/4/09 Still only 4 seeds have sprouted. 1/5/09 Today, 2 more seeds sprouted, so now we have 6 seeds that have sprouted. 4/5/09 Yes. Over the weekend, 2 more seeds have sprouted; Radish (Finally!) and the last corn seed. 6/4/09 No, no new seeds sprouted. · What kind of seed sprouted first? What kind of seed sprouted last? 24/4/09 The Clover seed sprouted first, but it's the only seed that sprouted. 27/4/09 The clover was first, still don't know last, though. 29/4/09 Same results. Clover first, unknown last. 1/5/09 Clover first, Radish last. · What kind of plant grows best in your terrarium? 27/4/09 We're not yet sure, but so far, it's corn. 29/4/09 Still corn. 1/5/09 Definitely corn. · How have the living factors of the environment changed? 1/5/09 The plants are going everyday. 4/5/09 Moss is slowly growing on the surface of the dirt. · How have the nonliving factors of the environment changed? 1/5/09 The soil's gotten stiffer. 4/5/09 The soil has become very dry, but now that we've added 200 ml. of water, it looks pretty damp. · Which organisms found your terrarium a favorable environment? Why do you think so? 1/5/09 The corn. It's growing the fastest. And the highest. · How would you recommend planting seeds in a terrarium? How much soil should be on top of the seed? 4/5/09 Don't put too much water on the seeds, they'll drown. Don't forget to use water once in a while, they'll dry up. And just put a little bit of soil on a seed. 11/5/09 Be sure to let the seeds have some sunlight, but not too much. Our plants died because the had too much sunlight and dried up.

Do different types of seeds require different planting techniques? · How is the environment in your terrarium different than the more common environment for corn, barley, clover, radishes, and peas? 29/4/09

The common environment for these seeds are out in a sunny field. The terrarium is just a small shady tank, which might not satisfy some seeds. · If you were going to set up a terrarium again, what would you do differently and why? · What factors might affect the growth of the plants in your terrarium if you repeated the investigation during a different season? In a different room in the school? In a different part of the country?

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">**Vascular Plants Thinking:** = =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);"> = <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);"> ** 1. Describe how all the cells in a vascular plant gets sugar. First, the rain water falls on the leaves. Then,Sugar and water flows Through the phloem to every cell in the plant. (All the places that need it.) 2. Describe how all the cells in a vascular plant get water. When the water falls onto the leaves, it flows through the phloem. After that, The water goes to all the places that need it. e.g. Cells, roots, etc. 3. Why do the leaves turn pink when a celery stalk is placed in red dye. Instead of clear water, which doesn't show in the xylem, there is red water, which you can see very clearly in the leaves. The red dyed water go's through the xylem, thus making the leaves red. 4. In what ways are blood and sap the same. ** Sap moves minerals for vascular plants, just like blood carry necessities through the human body. If you cut a vascular plant, out comes sap. If you cut a human body, blood comes out.

Brine Shrimp Hatching

1. The problem: We wanted to find out how much salt brine shrimp would need to be able to survive and be able to supply healthy food for the Migratory birds that will soon come and eat them.

2. What we did: We used salt to make home-maid salt water for the brine shrimp environment. Each cup had 1 more spoon of salt than the other. We added the same amount of water to each of the same exact cup and added 1 mini-spoon of brine shrimp eggs too.

3. After 24 hours we noticed that the cups with 2 and 3 spoons of salt had some hatched brine shrimp! They are so tiny, one might even describe them as minuscule. They move in little jerky moves.

4. After 48 hours we noticed that a lot of eggs have floated to the top of the cups. This might effect the end outcome. Cup #3 is the most successful cup yet. Some have died, but it still has a lot of alive shrimp. Cup #2 had many shrimps yesterday, but overnight, some died and sank to the bottom. Cup #1 and #2 looks like the shrimp had hatched, but they didn't live for long. They too, sank to the bottom.

5. I predict that tomorrow cup #2's shrimp will all be dead, and cup #3 will still be successful.

6. After 60 hours we noticed that more and more hatched shrimp are dying. Especially in Cup #1 and Cup # 2. Cup #3 is still the most successful environment.

Letter To Dr. Bryans:

Dear Dr. Salina Bryans,

Due to your request for an answer to your curious question: //How much salinity does Brine Shrimp need to survive?// My friends Dr. Kleitman, Dr. Paris, and Dr. Banbury and I have set out to find the answer to your question. Along our scientific journey, we have discovered many facts about Brine Shrimp. For example: Brine shrimp in no spoons of salt do not survive. Neither do Brine Shrimp in one spoon of salt. We felt that the best environment for Brine Shrimp is water with 3 spoons of salt.

Your Marine Biologist Buddy, Dr. Sofia Meisburger

Vocabulary: <span style="color: rgb(11, 101, 93);"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 128); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">- Food - The source of Energy <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; color: rgb(219, 67, 126);">- Photosynthesis -Is a Chemical Process in which cells produce energy-rich sugar molecules and release oxygen. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(133, 31, 199);">- Fat -Are groups of nutrients that provide energy and building blocks for growth and development. <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">- Protein <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(133, 31, 199);"> -Are groups of nutrients that provide energy and building blocks for growth and development. <span style="color: rgb(52, 178, 52);">- Mass -Is a quantity of matter. <span style="color: rgb(128, 128, 0);">- Sunlight -Is solar energy. Light from sun. <span style="color: rgb(18, 171, 157);">- Starches- Are chemicals produced by plants to store food. <span style="color: rgb(88, 21, 132);">- Molecule- Is a particle made of two or more atoms. A sugar molecule is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.

Measurements:

29/4/09

Corn 1: 14 cm Corn 2: 4 cm Corn 3:

Pea 1: 1cm Pea 2: Pea 3:

Clover 1: 2 cm Clover 2: Clover 3:

Radish 1: Radish 2: Radish 3:

Barley 1: Barley 2: Barley 3:

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> Cellular Respiration: 1. People eat food to nourish their cells. 2. Human Cells get energy form the food we eat by the sugar inside the food. 3. Plant cells get the energy they need from the sugar that comes from the process Photosynthesis. 4. Cellular respiration is the set of reactions and processes that take place in Organism's cells to convert <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> energy from nutrients, and then release waste products.

=<span style="color: rgb(219, 67, 126);">How Much Sugar in our Cereals? = <span style="font-size: 20px; line-height: 21px; color: rgb(219, 67, 126);"> We chose 2 cereals that we thought might be HIGH and LOW in sugar content.
 * What we did:

We chose Cookie Crisp as our HIGH cereal, and Frosties as our LOW cereal. We then put two cups of yeast to each bag. We added 50 ml. of hot water to each bag. After that, we sealed the bags to be as airtight as possible. After 10 minutes, we took the bags out to do observations.**

Observations: The highest leap in CO2 in 20 min. is Capn' Crunch. Conclusion: The cereal brand with the least sugar is Corn flakes. The cereal with the most sugar is Capn' Crunch. Most of the HIGH cereals did get the highest rating in sugar.
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Food Tested || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Amount of CO2 in 10 min. || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Amount of CO2 in 20 min. ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Cookie Crisp || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">150 ml. || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">150 ml. ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Frosties || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">100 ml. || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">50 ml. ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Koko Krunch || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">100 ml. || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">200 ml. ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Corn Flakes || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">0 ml. || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">0 ml. ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Capn' Crunch || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">100 ml. || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">250 ml. ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Choco Bits || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">100 ml. || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">0 ml. ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Corn Flakes || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">50 ml. || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">0 ml. ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Corn Crunch || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">150 ml. || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">150 ml. ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Cheerios || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">50 ml. || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">50 ml. ||
 * <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Sugar (Control) || <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">50 ml. || 50 ml. ||

**How can we find out if the eggs that have not hatched in the cups are still viable? (Alive or able to grow)

Our Plan:

1. We have decided to have 4 cups, one with 5 spoons of salt,** **one with 6 spoons of salt**, **one with 7 spoons of salt** , and **one with 8 spoons of salt**. **2. We added 4 spoons of salt to the 1 spoon of salt cup, to make 5 spoons of salt. 3. We did the same thing to the rest of the cup a step 2, the amount of spoons of salt in it as a variable. 4.** We recorded everything we did.

After 48 hours...

1. After 48 hours, none of the brine shrimp hatched. There is not even evidence that the brine shrimp tried to hatch. 2. None of the brine shrimps hatched yet so we don't yet know if any will robust of hatch one at a time. 3. We noticed that from past experiments, if a shrimp hatches later than the rest, it will live longer than the rest.