JakeC+'s+Science+Journal

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=Title Page= ==
 * Humans
 * Trees
 * Cells
 * Fish
 * Mammals
 * Pets
 * Reptiles
 * Amphibians
 * Birds
 * Grass/Flowers

Human cell challenge
> >
 * how do human cells get the things they need to survive?
 * how do human cells get oxygen?
 * how do they get food?
 * how do they get water?
 * how do they get rid of waste?

A:


 * They get food from the things we eat that turns into our blood sugar
 * They get oxygen from the air we breath in through our lungs
 * They get there water from the water we drink
 * They get rid of waist when we use the bathroom

Microscope Observations
Water Pond water Leaf Dead leaf
 * · Many light-blue cells
 * · Small white cells
 * · More cells than clean water
 * · Blue cells
 * · Green cells
 * · Blue cells
 * · A lot of cells
 * · Red bundle in the center
 * · A whole lot of cells
 * · Brown cells
 * · Light-blue cells

Everything seems to be made up of cells, air and water, smaller pieces, or maybe other things we can’t see.

Organisms need

 * · Water
 * · Air
 * · Food
 * · Ambient temperature
 * · Body parts
 * · Deposal of waist
 * · Exchange of gasses (O2 to CO2)

**CIRCULATORY SYSTEM REVIEW**
Answer these questions: 1. What are the basic needs of all living cells? Food, Water, Gasses, Waist disposal, and an Ambient temperature.  Correct √ 2. How do the cells in multicellular organisms get the resources they need to stay alive? The cells get the resources they need to stay alive by using the things that the organisms they are living in take in. Blood pumps food and water to the cells and takes away waist 1/2 3. What is the main function of the left side of the human heart? To pump the oxygenated cells through the body.  Correct √ 4. What is the main function of the right side of the human heart? To pump the deoxygenated blood cells to the lungs to get oxygen.  Correct √ 5. What is the function of the red blood cells? To send oxygen and blood sugar to the rast of the body and to take away carbon dioxide.  Correct √ 6. What are the main kinds of blood vessels and what functions do they perform? Arteries, veins, and <span style="color: rgb(12, 52, 202);">capillaries. They are tubes that bring blood cells to body parts. <span style="color: rgb(243, 186, 57);">Correct √ 7. Describe what happens when blood flows through the lungs. <span style="color: rgb(15, 78, 230);">When blood flows to the lungs the blood becomes filled with oxygen. <span style="color: rgb(249, 204, 31);">Correct <span style="color: rgb(15, 78, 230);"> 8. Describe what happens when blood in capillaries flows past cells. <span style="color: rgb(15, 78, 230);">When blood flows by cells the blood cells will supply oxygen to the cell and take away carbon <span style="color: rgb(0, 18, 255);">dioxide <span style="color: rgb(15, 78, 230);">. <span style="color: rgb(255, 179, 0);">Correct √

Score: 8/8 Well done, Jake! Ms Hahn's full corrections for you: 1. Food, water, gas exchange, and waste removal! 2. Blood flowing through the circulatory system delivers nutrients and removes waste 3. It collects blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body tissues. 4. It collects blood returning from the body tissues and pumps it out to the lungs. 5. They carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. 6. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. Capillaries touch all cells and carry out gas exchange and nutrient delivery. 7. Red blood cells release carbon dioxide for elimination and pick up oxygen for delivery. 8. Cells take water, food (sugar), minerals, and oxygen from the blood and transfer wastes to the blood.

Video of Circulatory and Respiratory System

 * The lungs have millions of air sacs
 * There are hundreds of tubes in your lungs
 * Lungs are the most important part of the Respiratory system
 * Platelets help stop bleeding
 * White blood cells are the fighting force that help fight disease
 * The blood types are A, B, O. and AB
 * The right side of the heart sends blood to the lungs
 * The left side of the heart sends blood to the rest of the body
 * One drop of blood has millions of red blood cells
 * Lots of new blood cells are made each seconds

Discussion after video
 * The heart rate increases sending more blood around the body and to the lungs. The red blood take more oxygen from the lungs in order to supply your cells with more oxygen
 * All cells in the body need oxygen to keep moving and active and so the cells can get rid of carbon which is a poison
 * When a blood cell is cut the platelets form the fibrin the stop the bleeding
 * If cells come out of the cut you will lose blood. If you loose too much blood your cells will dye. When the platelets form the fibrin you don't loose your cells
 * White blood cells protect your body from viruses, diseases, and infection

//<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">T HE DISASSEMBLY LINE// //REVIEW//
<span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 33);"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1. Why do people eat food? <span style="color: rgb(20, 250, 23);">To fuel their blood cells. <span style="color: rgb(220, 56, 240);">Cells need energy <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2. What happens to food in the digestive system? <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 20);">The food will pass through the stomach and the intestines? <span style="color: rgb(216, 31, 244);">The food will change to nutrients <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">3. Describe the path taken by food as it passes through the digestive system. <span style="color: rgb(20, 255, 41);">It get in from the mouth passes through the stomach the small intestine then the big intestine and out the anus. <span style="color: rgb(234, 27, 248);">Goes through the esophagus to get to the stomach <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">4. Explain what happens to food at each place in the digestive system. <span style="color: rgb(6, 254, 13);">The teeth chews it up the esophagus sends it to the stomach, the stomach will soak the food in acid, the small intestine takes the nutrients to the blood, the large intestine will send the toxic from the food out of the body. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">5. How does digested food get to cells? <span style="color: rgb(20, 250, 29);">When the food travels through the small intestine the nutrients gets to the blood. <span style="color: rgb(214, 20, 235);">The nutrients passes through the walls of the intestine <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 6. Why do people need kidneys? <span style="color: rgb(20, 250, 29);">To clean out their blood in their body. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 7. Describe how kidneys work. <span style="color: rgb(20, 250, 29);">When the blood passes through the kidneys the kidneys clean out the blood.

Heart Dissection

 * First we had to cut the heart where the right ventricle and atrium was so that we could see the tube that the blood travels through in order to get to the lungs.
 * Then we cut open the heart where the left ventricle and atrium to see the tube that sends the blood to the rest of the body.
 * During this I saw a red skin like object that looked like dried blood.

Support system
More food for cells so they can burn energy Oxygen for the blood so that the oxygen can be sent to cell To deliver oxygen from the lungs to the cells So that the blood can be cleaned

Digestive and Excretory

 * A lot of saliva is made a day
 * the stomach has acid
 * the stomach uses mucus to protect it from acid
 * The tube that connects the stomach from the mouth is called the esophagus
 * The small intestine is the length of 3 men
 * kidneys clean blood
 * pepsin and acid in the stomach turns the food into liquid

=**VASCULAR PLANTS**=

**CELERY EXPERIMENT A**
Design an experiment to get information about rootless celery and water. The materials available to you include: 2 Stalks of celery with leaves 2 Stalks of celery without leaves 4 Vials
 * Experimental Design**

1 vial holder

measurement tools While you work on your experimental design, think about these three things. • Leaves might affect how celery interacts with water. • The mass of the celery might change. • The volume of water in the vial might change. ** Plan to answer our question: **
 * Testable question: Will the celery without leaves absorb more or less water than the celery with leaves?**
 * 1) Pour 25 ml of water in each vial
 * 2) Two vials have celery with leaves Two vials have celery without leaves the other is our standard
 * 3) leave to see how much water is gone

Leaf
Palmate-a leaf that is shaped like an open palm



Parellel- a leaf that is extending in the same direction Pinate- a leaf where parts arranged on each side


 * Celery Condition || Starting volume of water (mL) || Ending volume of water (mL) || Starting mass of celery (g) || Ending mass of celery (g) ||
 * leaves (Alexa) || 25 ml ||  || 24g ||   ||   ||   ||
 * leaves d(Dan) || 25 ml || 16 ml || 22g || 25g. ||  ||
 * no leaves b(Bob) || 25 ml || 16 ml || 58g || 47g. ||  ||
 * no leaves c(Carl) || 25 ml || 20 ml || 39g || 30g. ||  ||

**RED DYE CELERY OBSERVATIONS 1. What did you observe when you first looked at the red-dyed whole celery stalk? 2. What did you observe when you then looked at the cross section of the celery stalk? 3. What do you think the red dots are in the celery stalk cross section? 4. What is the relationship between the red dots and water in the celery stalk? **
 * 1) The sticks were slightly red
 * 2) It's filled with red dots
 * 3) The xylem is filled with the red dye
 * 4) Because the water was red it turned the xylem red

== ==

Notes on video, plant structure and growth

 * plants that have roots are vascular plants
 * a leaf is an organs
 * all plants have tissues and organs
 * plants have cell walls
 * xylem takes water up
 * phloem transfers food
 * each tree gets a xylem and phloem during spring
 * roots follow gravity down (geotropism)
 * palmate pinnate parallel
 * when a plant releases water it's called traspieration
 * photosynthesis occurs in the mesophyll
 * roots take in water and nutrients


 * 1) All plants have cells and ridged cell walls and chlorophyll and tissues and organs.
 * 2) Xylem (brings water and nutrients to the leaves) and phloem (transports sugar to the rest of the plant) are the two things that make the vascular bundle.
 * 3) Stems and trunks both have vascular bundle.
 * 4) The rings in the tree are there because every year the tree grows new a xylem and phloem.
 * 5) The wetter the thicker the xylem and phloem become.
 * 6) both systems transport water nutrients gasses and get rid of waist

**2.** ** My Terrestrial Environments Journal **

What we did.
too much. so we took out the water and put in
 * we added 250 ml of water because 800 ml was way
 * we added 250 ml of water because 800 ml was way


 * we covered the terrarium with the plastic foil so the water would not escape

Terrarium observations

 * 7 sprouts
 * we noticed that the corn grew the fastest
 * we noticed some plants did not sprout

Questions to consider:
· How do the sides and the top of the terrarium look? Very dry. **1/5/2009.** Damp **4/5/2009** · How does the soil look? soft and dry **1/5/2009.** like a swamp **4/5/2009** · Have any seed sprouted? Two corn plants plants **27/4/2009.** all There were 6 sprouts. 1 clover, 2 corn, and 3 radish. **4/5/2009** · What kind of seed sprouted first? Corn **27/4/2009**. What kind of seed sprouted last? the radish and the corn **1/5/2009** · What kind of plant grows best in your terrarium? corn **27/4/2009** · How have the living factors of the environment changed? The plants have grown a lot more **6/5/2009** How have the nonliving factors of the environment changed? There are · Which organisms found your terrarium a favorable environment? There were no other organisms found in our terrarium **11/5/2009** Why do you think so? · How would you recommend planting seeds in a terrarium? How much soil should be on top of the seed? at least 1 cm of soil **1/5/2009** Do different types of seeds require different planting techniques? the clovers use less water but the corn uses a lot more water **1/5/2009** · How is the environment in your terrarium different than the more common environment for corn, barley, clover, radishes, and peas? The clovers grow in lawns and every other seed grows in a field **27/4/2009** · If you were going to set up a terrarium again, what would you do differently and why? **27/4/2009** · What factors might affect the growth of the plants in your terrarium if you repeated the investigation during a different season? The plants may die if they were planted in winter the cold air may kill it **4/5/2009** In a different room in the school? In a different part of the country? **27/4/2009**

To mate the terrarium
We used one large basin, a lid with wholes, 1 liter soil, 1/2 liter of sand, 50 ml of small rocks, 800 ml of water, 6 barley seeds, 8 corn seeds, 8 pea seeds, 8 clover seeds, 8 radish seeds.

**Brine Shrimp Hatching** 1. The problem: migratory birds stop at Mono lake to eat brine shrimp. The brine shrimp are disappearing because the lakes are getting saltier. We wanted to find out if the salinity of the water effects the brine shrimp.

2. What we did: We added a different amount of salt to each cup of brine shrimp

3. After 24 hours we noticed that some eggs in the cups with 1 and 2 spoons of salt hatched and that they move in jerky movements.

4. After 48 hours we noticed that the cups with the 1, 2, and 0 spoons of salt are nearly dead in fact the shrimp in the cup with no salt is filled with dead brine shrimp. The cup with 3 spoons of salt is gloated with brine shrimp

5. I predict that all the shrimp will die within the next 24 hours but not the shrimp in cup 3

6. after 60 hours the only; thing that's changed if that some of the shrimp in the cup with three spoons died

My letter to Dr. Bryans
Dear Dr. Bryans, are class found out that the salinity of the salt effects the hatching of the brine shrimp. We found out that

**How can we find out if the eggs that have not hatched in the cups are still viable? (Alive or able to grow)

Our Plan:**


 * 1) we add 1 more spoon of salt to the cups with 1, 2, and 3 spoons of salt
 * 2) we wait over night
 * 3) if any eggs hatch that means that some eggs are still able to hatch

After 48 hours... 1. Were the eggs in the 0-spoons and 4,5,6 and higher spoon cups viable? The cup with 3 spoons has a little amount of brine shrimp, the cup with 4 spoons is flooded with brine shrimp, but the cups with 0 and 2 spoons are lifeless 2. Was the hatching robust or did only a few hatch? the cup with 4 spoons is flooded with brine shrimp in the others only a few hatched 3. What advantage is it to the brine shrimp to postpone hatching in salt solutions that are very diluted (little salt) or very concentrated ( much salt). the more salt the better hatching

**Vascular Plants Thinking:** 1. The cells in the leaves take three things to make sugar for the plant. One thing is water another is sunlight and another ins CO2 to make sugar (sap). The Phloem then takes the sap where ever the sugar is needed

2. The hairs on the roost will soak up water and nutrients. The xylem will take the water and nutrients up through the stem. The water will then reach the leaves

3. The xylem will take up the red dye. This will make the leaves turn pink.

4. Blood an sap are very alike. The sap is filled with sugar an send it around the plant. Blood caries O2, sugar, water, and it takes away

Making Food-Article
PHOTOSYNTHESIS This is the equation:**
 * The form of food produced in plants is sugar. The process that makes sugar is called** PHOTOSYNTHESIS**.** PHOTOSYNTHESIS **happens in green cells.

Solar energy must be present with the 6 atoms of carbon dioxide and the 12 atoms of water in PHOTOSYNTHESIS to occur. Every cell only takes sugar and only sugar. == Photosynthesis: == == Results  == we fond out that when we added sugar to the bag of yeast, warm water, and cookies the yeast had a large amount of activities. We found out that the yeast needs sugar to live
 * 1) Sugar is an energy-rich liquid that living cells can process.
 * 2) The raw materials that plants take in to make sugar are light, CO2 (carbon dioxide), and H2O (water). The water comes from the soil, the carbon dioxide comes from the air around the plant, and the light comes from the sun
 * 3) The chlorophyll helps absorb red and blue light.
 * 4) The product of photosynthesis is an energy-rich liquid or sugar. The sugar then flows into the phloem from there the sugar flows around the plant
 * 5) The plants produce food in the leaves.
 * 6) We run on solar energy when we eat a plant or we eat an animal that has eaten a plant and we gain the plants solar energy.

M aking food-article

 * 1) Plants do not make food when they have no water. <span style="color: rgb(19, 237, 7);">√
 * 2) Plants do not make food when they have no light.<span style="color: rgb(19, 237, 7);">√
 * 3) Plants can still make food when they don't have nitrogen. <span style="color: rgb(19, 237, 7);">√
 * 4) Plants can still make food when they don't have oxygen. <span style="color: rgb(19, 237, 7);">√
 * 5) Plants cannot make food when they don't have carbon dioxide. <span style="color: rgb(19, 237, 7);">√
 * 6) Plants can still make food when they grow in sand. Plants do not need sand as much. <span style="color: rgb(19, 237, 7);">√
 * 7) water, CO2, and light make food for the plant. <span style="color: rgb(19, 237, 7);">√
 * 8) The mass of the produced comes from the water and CO2. <span style="color: rgb(19, 237, 7);">√
 * 9) It proves that plants need water, CO2, and light in order to grow. The other gasses when taken away make the plant grow even better. <span style="color: rgb(19, 237, 7);">√


 * 1) People eat food in order to keep their cells filled with energy
 * 2) cells in our body get the food from the sugar in the food
 * 3) cells in plants get food from the sugar from the sugar from the leaves
 * 4) The sugar becomes C2O and H20

**How Much Sugar in our Cereals?

What we did: We chose 2 cereals that we thought might be HIGH (coco crunch) and LOW (chere) in sugar content. Then we added 100 ml of yeast to each bag two bags. Then we added 3 grams cereal (high and low) and 50 ml of water (50-35 degrees) to each bag.

**
 * low 50
 * high 150


 * food tested || amount of C2 in 10 seconds ||  ||
 * coco crunch || 50 ml || 50 ml ||
 * coco crunch || 50 ml || 50 ml ||

I think that the more sugar the more CO2 is made.
 * food tested || amount of CO2 in 10 min || amount of CO2 in 20 min ||
 * cheereoes || 50 || 50 ||
 * coco crunch || 150 || 150 ||
 * coco crunch || 100 || 200 ||
 * corn f. || 0 || 0 ||
 * corn f. || 50 || 100 ||
 * captain c. || 100 || 230 ||
 * choco bits || 100 || 0 ||
 * corn f. || 50 || 0 ||
 * cookie c. || 150 || 150 ||
 * frosties || 100 || 50 ||

50 ml <span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 13px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;">

Glossary
Cell- is the basic unit of life Oxygen-the atmosphere gas (in the air) needed to live Carbon dioxide- a waist gas produced by all living things Pulse- the result of blood being pushed through vessels by the beating of the heart Heart- the organ the deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the oxygenated blood around the body Blood- a liquid that flows to and from the cells in the blood vessels Blood Vessel- vessels in your body (arteries, veins, and capillaries) that the blood circulates through. The human heart has four chambers the right ventricle, the right artery, the left ventricle, and the left artery The circulatory system- contains tissue and organs that transport life-support to cells and get rid of waist The respiratory system- contains tissue and organs that provide gas exchange Cross section-is a cut across an object and exposes its internal structure Vascular plants-a multi cellular plant that has vessels for transporting ware and food Xylem-the tube that transports water to the leaves of the plant and the cells Phloem-tubes to transport sugar to the cells Sap-the sugar rich liquid that is in the phloem Classify-sorting things out into classes or groups (scientist do this all the time) palmate, pinnate, parallel-are the ways vascular plants can be classified stomata-allows gas movement in a plant Food-is the source of energy and building materials for living cells fat- groups of nutrients that provide growth mass- the quantity of matter photosynthesis- is a chemical process in which cells produce energy rich sugar protein Starches- chemicals that store food sunlight- solar energy molecule- a particle made of two or more atoms yeast- is a single cell organisms cellular respiration- is the process in which plants and animals break down sugar to get energy, releasing CO2 in the process.


 * 1) What structures does the vascular plant have for transporting water?
 * 2) What structures does the vascular plant have for transporting sugar?