Christoffer+'s+Science+Journal

toc

=Title Page =


 * __L__ __iving__ __S__ __ystems__ **

 The Human Body, Insects, Bacteria Animals, Fish, Tree’s Flowers,Virus, Germs, 

Atoms, Minds, Reptiles, Molecules, Whales.

**What Are Some Of The Things That All Organisms Need ???** 24/02.09

· Water · Air · Food · Ambient Temperature · Shelter (X) · Parents (X) · Blood (X) · Body Parts · Waste Disposal · The Planet Earth · Exchange Of Gases O2 to CO2

=Microscope Observation = 24/02.09

1. Tap water

I saw very, very small cells in the water that were like red dots and possibly bacteria.

2. Pond Water

I saw even more cells and they were even red and blue dots and some water in large form.

3. Leaf

I saw many water drops and it looked like a tiny kingdom with small cells and water drops and I noticed that there were some bubbles.

4. Dead leaf

I saw many water drops, amazing and I saw small cells that were red and blue, and I saw little bubbles too.

Conclusion: Everything seems to be made up of smaller pieces, cells, water, air and maybe other things we can’t see with the naked eye.

=Human Cells Challenge =


 * How do human cells get the things they need to survive ??? By us eating and drinking. <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">Now I know that when we eat things that has sugar in them the blood brings it to them and they get food and water from the blood.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 121%;">How do they get food ??? From the food we take in. <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">Now I know that they get it by the blood because it brings them sugar.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 121%;">How do they get water ??? From the water we take in. <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">Now I know that they get the water from the blood.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 121%;">How do they get oxygen ??? By us Breathing and taking in oxygen. <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">Now I know that they get the oxygen from us breathing O2 in and out.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 121%;">How do they get rid of waste ??? They have muscles that push the waste out. <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">Now I know that they have waste muscles that push the waste out and the blood takes it it away.

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Circulatory System Review =

<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Answer these questions:

1. What are the basic needs of all living cells? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">All cells need Oxygen, Food, Water and Waste Removal. <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Great Job !!! √ <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">OK 2. How do the cells in multicellular organisms get the resources they need to stay alive? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">They get them by blood flowing past them it brings them everything and takes everything too. <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Nice Work !!! √ <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">OK 3. What is the main function of the left side of the human heart? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">It pumps the oxygenated blood around the whole body. <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">The Best Ever !!! :) √ <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">OK 4. What is the main function of the right side of the human heart? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">It pumps carbon dioxide out of the body. <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Cool !!! √ <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">1/2 5. What is the function of the red blood cells? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">It gives you the blood you need. <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Nice !!! √ 1/2 6. What are the main kinds of blood vessels and what functions do they perform? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">The blood cells. They help the body by carrying food around it and also The White Blood cells. They fight (kill) all of the virus infections and other bad things that destroy your body. <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Good !!! √ <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">X 7. Describe what happens when blood flows through the lungs. <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">When we breathe oxygen the blood also gets it so the lungs help so that the blood gets the oxygen it needs. <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Excellent !!! √ <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">OK 8. Describe what happens when blood in capillaries flows past cells. <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">When this happens the blood brings every cell oxygen to live. <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Super !!! √ <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">X <span class="smgrey" style="color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-size: 80%;">

<span style="font-size: 150%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"> Score: 5/8 Not bad, Chris. See these for complete answers. 14/3/09 Ms Hahn's corrections for you: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> 1. Food, water, gas exchange, and waste removal! 2. Blood flowing through the circulatory system delivers nutrients and removes waste 3. It collects blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body tissues. 4. It collects blood returning from the body tissues and pumps it out to the lungs. 5. They carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. 6. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. Capillaries touch all cells and carry out gas exchange and nutrient delivery. 7. Red blood cells release carbon dioxide for elimination and pick up oxygen for delivery. 8. Cells take water, food (sugar), minerals, and oxygen from the blood and transfer wastes to the blood.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Video: Circulatory & Respiratory Systems =
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">The Lungs have on each tip of its tree about 1 million holes that can be filled with oxygen.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">The broncile is the tube in the lungs.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">When you breathe fast the lungs help you run faster.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">You can test your lung capacity.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">White blood cells help get the virus away, better still they fight them away.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">The blood types are A, B, O, AB.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">Some people need extra blood to stay healthy.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">We have a voice box and our oxygen passes it.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">White blood cells live only about a few days.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">You can enter the lungs by the nose and mouth.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">the left side of the heart pushes out the oxygen to the whole body.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">The right side of the heart pushes the oxygen into the left side which then passes it on.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">some capilaries are so small that only one blood cell can travel thru at once.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">Plasma is also a part of blood
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">Plasma holds proteins in it too.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">Only one White blood cells per 750 Red blood cells.

<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Discussion after Video: <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">1. Your pulse goes faster and you heart rate increases. 2. It happens because the body needs more oxygen to the blood cells so that they can survive. 3. It helps them because all the cells in the body needs to have oxygen to complete their job and they also have to get rid of the not good oxygen, the oxygen that is so called poisoned. 4. The White and Red blood cells help heal when the blood vessel is cut and platelets in the blood form the fibrin to stop the bleeding from any place in the body. 5. This helps so the virus and others can't enter the body so they won't get sick and if too much blood escapes you will die because the cells also need the blood to live and if the cells die YOU die too. 6. The white blood cells fight of the infections, diseases, virus and other bad things that make your body sick or injured.

= = =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Heart Dissection =

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">First we cut open the right side and saw the blood tissues and all of the weird things in the heart. It was all red and kind of blue in some places and it had some white things that looked like strings that probably connected some things in the heart. Then we cut the left side of the heart and saw a bit more blue things and we also could push our finger thru some of the holes connecting to the body and the main thing you could put your finger in from the very beginning was the pulmonary leading to the lungs and so on. The superior vena cava was also pretty interesting to look at. We found some blood that was dried in it and it felt more like meat though. This was a very interesting project I think a bad smell but a cool result.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">HERE IS THE HEART !!!

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> HERE WE ARE OPENING THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART !!!

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> HERE YOU CAN SEE THE PULMONARY LEADING TO THE LUNGS !!!

= = =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Video: Digestive & Excretory System =


 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">The saliva has a liquid in it called encyms.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Saliva is released from glands in your cheeks jaw.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Your esophagus is the pipe leading to the stomach.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">I think that after the night the eggs will disappear in every liquid pepsin, water etc.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Huge amounts of saliva are produced per day.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">You can test the acid by looking at the power of it.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">The small intestine is as long as 3 men.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Liver makes bide.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Nutrients go to each and every cell in the body.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">The large intestine is considered the digestive dryer.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Fiber helps move your food through the digestive system.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">About 90% of your food is used by your body in fact only 1% is considered pure waste.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">The bladder takes the urine from the kidneys and then it comes out of your body.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Some people donate kidneys to help other people whose kidneys doesn't work.

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">The Disassembly Line Review = <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1. Why do people eat food? <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 255);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255);">We eat to feed all of our trillions of cells so that they can live and do their job. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 2. What happens to food in the digestive system? <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255);">The food brakes into smaller parts so that the body can get it. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Now I know that the food breaks down into tiny parts and then the cells can get it. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 3. Describe the path taken by food as it passes through the digestive system. First the jaws and saliva breaks down the food then it travels thru a pipe to the system then the acid brakes in down into even smaller pieces and then when the blood gets the small parts of the food it transfers it to every cell and they collect what they need from it. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 4. Explain what happens to food at each place in the digestive system. In the mouth the food breaks down into small parts then the esophagus (the pipe) brings the food down to the acid. Then the acid breaks the food down into tiny pieces which then is transfered to the blood (cells). <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 5. How does digested food get to cells? When the acid has broken down the food into tiny pieces the blood caries the food that the cells need through the body so every cell can collect what needed. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 6. Why do people need kidneys? The kidneys are the ones that clean the blood 25 times a day so without them the blood would be so dirty you would die, in fact you would turn all yellow without them. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 7. Describe how kidneys work. The poison (bad food) in the body is stored in the kidneys and then turned into urine so that you can go to the bathroom and let the poison out :) . <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Now I know that the kidneys act like filters separating the cellular wastes from the blood. The waste materials including salts nitrogen compounds, are removed and turned into to urine. The urine flows through a tube into your bladder for storage. = =

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Review =

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">1. What support does the digestive system provide for cells ??? <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">It takes food from our mouth and then turn it into food for the cells to live and do their job of keeping us alive. 2. What support does the respiratory system provide for cells ??? <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">It keeps them going by giving them oxygen so that they can live and pushes out the carbon dioxide that is like poison this way the cells keep healthy. 3. What support does the circulatory system provide for cells ??? <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">The heart pumps everything needed to the cells through the circulatory system, the needed is food, oxygen, water etc. this helps the cells a lot. 4. What support does the kidneys provide for cells ??? <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">It cleans all of the blood which keeps your body healthy and the cells too otherwise they would die and turn yellow, and without cells you would die too !!!

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Glossary =

<span style="font-size: 116%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Cell - Is the basic unit of life !!! Oxygen - Is an atmospheric gas (in the air) needed to support life !!! Carbon Dioxide - Waste gas produced by all living things. Pulse - the result of blood being pushed through the blood vessels by the beating of the heart. Heart - The organ that pumps the deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the oxygenated blood around the body. Blood - Is a liquid that flows to and from the cells in the Blood Vessels. Blood Vessels - The arteries, veins and capillaries that carry the blood around the body. The human heart has 4 chambers - right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium and the left ventricle. The circulatory system - includes tissues (blood and blood vessels) and organs (heart) that transport life - support substances to cells AND removes waste. The respiratory system - includes the tissues and organs (lungs) that provide gas exchange (O2 & CO2) between the blood and atmosphere.

Cross section - Is a cut across an object and exposes its internal structure. Vascular plants - A multicellular plant that has vessels for transporting water, minerals, and sugar to all its cells Xylem - Found in vascular plants. Tubes to transport water and minerals to cells. Phloem - Found in vascular plants. Tubes to transport sugar to cells. Sap - The sugar-rich liquid flowing in the problem. Classify - Sorting things out into classes or groups (scientists do this all the time). Palmate, Pinnate and Parallel are the three ways vascular plants can be classified. Stomata - A hole and pore in a leaf so that it can exchange gases, there is also a cell called the Guard cell, it guards the Stomata. Food - Is the source of energy and building materials for living cells. Photosynthesis - Is a chemical process in which cells produce energy-rich-sugar molecules release. Fat and Protein - Are groups of nutrients that provide energy and building blocks for growth and development. Mass - Is a quantity of matter. Sunlight - Is solar energy. Light from the sun. Starches - Are chemicals produced by plants to store food. Molecule - Is a particle made of two or more atoms. A sugar molecule is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Yeast - Is a single-celled organism. Cellular respiration is the process by which plants and animal cells break down sugar to get energy, releasing carbon dioxide in the process of Cellular respiration.

= = =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Vascular Plants =

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> Most plants we see daily are vascular plants. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> - tomatoes, wheat, lettuce, raspberries, celery, trees etc.


 * Here is the Palmate, Palmates has leaves that arise from the same point.**

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">**Here is a Pinnate, a Pinnate is a word used to describe feather, it's leaves arising from both sides of a common plant.

Here is a Parallel, a Parallel have veins going straight up in a parallel (the mathematical parallel) form. **

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Celery Experiment A = Design an experiment to get information about rootless celery and water. The materials available to you include: 2 Stalks of celery with leaves 2 Stalks of celery without leaves 4 Vials
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Experimental Design **<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">

1 vial holder

measurement tools While you work on your experimental design, think about these three things. • Leaves might affect how celery interacts with water. • The mass of the celery might change. • The volume of water in the vial might change. **<span style="font-size: 150%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Plan to answer our question: Try different heats of water in each vial and put into the vial a celery. 1. Put 20 ml water of cold water,icy water, warm water and normal water. 2. Put a celery into each vile and leave it there. **
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Testable question: What kind of water will it survive better in ??? **

= D <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">ata Collection Table = <span style="border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 2px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 2px;">
 * Celery Condition || Starting volume of water (mL) || Ending volume of water (mL) || Starting mass of celery (g) || Ending mass of celery (g) ||
 * No leaf 1 || 25 ml || 21 ml || 52 Grams || 35 Grams ||  ||   ||
 * Leaf 2 || 25 ml || 16 ml || 13 Grams || 18 Grams ||  ||
 * No Leaf 3 || 25 ml || 20.5 ml || 41 Grams || 20 Grams ||  ||
 * Leaf 4 || 25 ml || 15.5 ml || 25 Grams || 16 Grams ||  ||   ||

**<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">CELERY OBSERVATIONS AFTER 1 DAY BUT BEFORE **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 90%;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> **MEASURING**

<span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">1. What is the general condition of the celery stalks compared to yesterday? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">It looks more dead and tired even though it had water it still doesn't look healthy. 2. How did the water in the vial change from yesterday? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">The water has gone down a lot and it looks way more dirty. 3. What do you think happened to the water? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">I think the water was sucked into the plant so it could live longer. <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">

<span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">**RED DYE CELERY OBSERVATIONS** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">1. What did you observe when you first looked at the red-dyed whole celery stalk? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">I see that the celery looks red and that the other celery's that were in normal water looks way healthier. 2. What did you observe when you then looked at the cross section of the celery stalk? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">It has red dots the dots go all the way to the top of the plant and this makes it look red. 3. What do you think the red dots are in the celery stalk cross section? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">They are the Xylem and the veins that carry up the dyed water and this is why the celery looks red. 4. What is the relationship between the red dots and water in the celery stalk? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Since the water was red the stalk became red too and the veins put water in every part of the celery so that celery looked red.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">MY CONCLUSIONS FOR CELERY EXPERIMENT B:

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">What structures do vascular plants have for transporting water ??? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">They have the Xylem. 2. What structures do vascular plants have for transporting sugar ??? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">They have the Phloem. **

=<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Notes On Video Plant "Structure and Growth" = <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"><span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"> What do all plants have in common ??? <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> A) They're all vascular. B) They all perspire. C) They all live in soil. D) None of the above. <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255);">This one is correct √ <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"> In Which Part Of The Leaf Does Photosynthesis Occur ??? <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">A) The Stomata. B) It doesn't occur in the leaf at all. It happens in the roots. C) The Mesophyll. <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255);">This one is correct <span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 23px; color: rgb(255, 0, 255);">√
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">This pine core tree has lived really long in fact 4,000 years, cool.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">All plants have chlorophyll.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">All plants have also tissues & organs.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Plants are multi-celled and cell walls.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">The worlds biggest living thing is General Sherman.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Phloem carries food to where ever it's needed.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">If it's a dry year for the tree the year-ring is smaller, if the opposite it's bigger.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Fibrous roots are good at sticking into dirt.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Roots will always grow down, no matter what and this is called, Geotropism.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">There are about 310,000 plant species, that's a lot.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Xylem carries water up from the ground to the plant in the stem.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Epidermis is a thing that covers the plant to help, like our skin.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Stomata makes the oxygen and lets it out so that we can breathe.

<span style="font-size: 88%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">What Do All Plants Have In Common ??? <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">What are the two types of tissues in plants ??? <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"> How is the trunk of an tree and the stem of an flower the same ??? <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);"> The tissues (rings) of an tree forms new tissues every year, the older ones inside and the younger ones outside.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">They have rigged cell-walls.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">They all have chlorophyll.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">They all have tissues and organs.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">The Xylem, it brings water and nutrients to the leaves.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">The Phloem, it brings the sugar all over the plant.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Both have vascular bundles of Xylem and Phloem.

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"> When you look at a cross section at a tree trunk why are some wider some narrow ??? <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">How is the vascular system similar to a circulatory system in the human body ??? <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">The wetter the year the bigger the tissue, the dryer the year the smaller the tissue.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">They both transport water and nutrients exchange gas and eliminate waste.

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Vascular Plants Thinking: =

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">1. There is a system called the Phloem. First the leaves produce the sugar then it turns into sap (sugar liquid) and transfers into every cell by the Phloem tube. When this is done every cell has got what needed. 2. There is a system called the Xylem and the water comes from the roots up the Xylem to the cells. The Xylem tubes start from the roots that suck up the water to the Xylem tube. 3. This is because the water is pink so the water that flows up the roots and lead to the Xylem is pink so the tube immediately turns pink and you can see through it that it's pink, really cool. 4. Blood brings the sugar needed to all cells in the human body and the sap is the sugar liquid that brings sugar to every cell in the plant. So this is how they are alike. <span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Making Food Article = <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> 1. Plants do not produce food when they have no water, neither to they increase in mass. **√** <span style="line-height: 21px; font-size: 13px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">2. Plants do not produce food when they have no light. √ 3. Plants do produce food without nitrogen, that's cool. √ 4. Plants do produce food when they have no oxygen, so it's not necessarily needed. √ 5. Plants do not produce food when they don't get carbon dioxide. √ 6. The plants need the sand because without the sand the beans could not grow to a plant and the water goes first into the sand then the plant. √ 7. The plants need: water, light and carbon dioxide. √ 8. The produced food comes from the water, light and carbon dioxide. √ 9. Paco and Eva's information support my answers because they made a standard test with the exact information I needed to answer the questions above. The test was also standard and they changed the only 1 variable each time so it's reliable. √

= = =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Photosynthesis =

<span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">
 * <span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-weight: normal;">The form of food produced in plants is sugar. The process that makes sugar is called **<span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">PHOTOSYNTHESIS **<span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">. **<span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">PHOTOSYNTHESIS **<span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-weight: normal;"> happens in green cells. **

<span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">//__**This is the equation:**__//

<span style="font-size: 17px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Solar energy must be present with the carbon dioxide and the 6 molecules of carbon dioxide and the 12 molecules of water in order for PHOTOSYNTHESIS (or the making of sugar) to occur.

Every cell in your body can only use 1 version of sugar and the cells only process sugar.

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">1. Sugar is a source of food for the cells in a plant, so that the cells can do what they need to do. 2. The raw materials needed to make sugar are, Carbon dioxide, water, and light. 3. Chlorophyll are cells that take in blue and red light that observes light energy for the plant. 4. Products of Photosynthesis are sugar, oxygen, and water, they from a sugar for the cells to live. 5. Plants produce food in the leaves of the plant the process happens there. 6. I run on solar and it's possible because, I eat plants and they have used solar energy to process the food I take from the plant and I also need to have light or else terrible things will happen to my body!

= = <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">The Yeast Experiment =

<span style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 29px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Our yeast experiment showed us that the normal ml after added sugar was averaged 75 ml, we had only one flower experiment though so the average is not known exactly but the experiment they did gave a result of 10 ml, so the flower is not that good for the yeast, the sugar is. So our conclusion is that yeast produces food the best from sugar.

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Cellular Respiration =

2. The cells get energy from the food we eat by processing it into sugar and they can only eat sugar. 3. The plant cells get energy from the sun and carbon dioxide etc. and by getting all of this they can produce sugar and eat it and of course do what they need to do. 4. The process of cellular respiration is by cells breaking down sugar into water and carbon dioxide. **
 * <span style="font-size: 13px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">1. People eat food so that the cells can get sugar and survive and do their work.

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">How Much Sugar In Our Cereals? =

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px;">What We Did: We chose 2 cereals that we thought might be HIGH or LOW in sugar content. Then we mixed the yeast (100 yeast to be exact) and cereal together and added 50 ml of hot water in, to get the yeast alive. After that we put i in a hot water bath and started waiting. This is what we did. After 10 minutes we had 100 ml of carbon dioxide in the HIGH one and 50 ml in the Low one. After 20 minutes we had 0 ml on both cereals.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Food Tested || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Amount Of CO2 In 10 Minutes || <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> Amount Of CO2 In 20 Minutes ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Kokö Cruch || <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">100 ml || 200 ml ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Corn Flakes || <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">0 ml || 0 ml ||
 * Corn Flakes || 50 ml || 100 ml ||
 * Captain Crunch || 100 ml || 230 ml ||
 * Choco Bites || 100 ml || 0 ml ||
 * Corn Flakes || 50 ml || 0 ml ||
 * Cookie Crisp || 150 ml || 150 ml ||
 * Frosties || 100 ml || 50 ml ||
 * Corn Crucnh || 150 ml || 150 ml ||
 * Cheerios || 50 ml || 50 ml ||
 * Sugar Control || 50 ml || 50 ml ||

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Conclusion, The more sugar the cereal had in it the more CO2 it could produce I also noticed that on the second round there was only 1 cereal that increased everything else either stayed the same or just decreased. I also thought that it was surprising how ours decreased from 100 ml to 0 ml. I also thought that this experiment was cool and how we could see so many affects.

= = = = =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">My Terrestrial Environments Journal =

<span style="line-height: 23px; font-size: 17.6px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-weight: normal;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 121%;">__We used:__
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">One large basin
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">About 50 small stones
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">Half a liter of sand
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">One liter of soil
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">We planted 5 different kind of seeds

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 130%;">**Terrarium Observations 24/4/09:** <span style="font-size: 180%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> **Terrarium Observations 27/4/09**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">We added 250 ml of water because it wouldn't bet too much or too little just perfect.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">We covered the terrarium with plastic foil again so the water would stay there not evaborate.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">We had no plants but we could see something rising.
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">The soil is a bit too wet and because of that the plants are not growing.
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">We are going to take away some water to help the plants grow.
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">It smells very bad, not normal.
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 110%;">The water looks like oil somehow

**Terrarium Observations 29/4/09** **Terrarium Observations 11/5/09** <span style="font-size: 190%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 130%;">
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">There's less water now and it looks dryer.
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">No plants have grown yet.
 * **<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 80%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">The terrarium has liquid in it that doesn't look like oil like I said now it looks different. **
 * **<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 80%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">The soil looks dirty and dead. **
 * **<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; line-height: 19px;">A seed is on top of the soil and it looks dead. **
 * Terrarium Observations 01/5/09**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Now it looks way too dry and needs water.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Finally we have few plants growing after so much of only dead soil and stuff.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">I think it's a clover that's growing and the other on I don't know.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">I also think the plants will grow better if we put some water in it.
 * Terrarium Observations 04/5/09**
 * It has dried out and needs water
 * The plants that are growing are dried out now.
 * We put 260 ml to keep it wet so that the plants can grow.
 * We will also put the lid on to keep the water there.
 * Terrarium Observations 06/5/09**
 * The plants are getting greener again but they are still leaning down, not up.
 * There was some mould on the soil but just a bit.
 * We also saw that the soil looked more healthy.
 * The whole place doesn't smell bad anymore, at all, just normal.
 * We noticed that we finally have a kind of large plant there in our terrarium.
 * We added 250 ml of water to keep it growing.
 * We saw that the mould is gone away.
 * It is finally a good terrarium before it didn't look this good.
 * We have succeeded in getting a good environmentally friendly terrarium.
 * <span style="font-size: 150%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Questions to Consider: **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 120%;">· How do the sides and the top of the terrarium look? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">It is all wet by all of the sides. 22/4/09 · How does the soil look? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">It looks too wet and has over floated. 22/4/09 · Have any seed sprouted? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">No seeds has sprouted at all. 22/4/09 · What kind of seed sprouted first? What kind of seed sprouted last? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">None yet 27/4/09 The Clover 11/5/09 · What kind of plant grows best in your terrarium?<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);"> None yet 27/4/09 The Clover 11/5/09 · How have the living factors of the environment changed? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">No, not yet 27/4/09 Yes, now we have plants 11/5/09 · How have the nonliving factors of the environment changed? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">It looks more dead now, everything else is same. 28/4/09 Nothing has changed with the long living factors not even now. 11/5/09 · Which organisms found your terrarium a favorable environment? Why do you think so? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">I think the plants are all the ones that found the terrarium a good place, the other things didn't. 11/5/09 · How would you recommend planting seeds in a terrarium? How much soil should be on top of the seed? Do different types of seeds require different planting techniques? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">I would recommend doing it very carefully and NOT putting too much soil on top of it, it couldn't grow good, and you should be careful with the water, it makes a difference. 11/5/09 · How is the environment in your terrarium different than the more common environment for corn, barley, clover, radishes, and peas? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">It is in a terrarium normally they grow wild or are planted at a farm (basically nature) 11/5/09 · If you were going to set up a terrarium again, what would you do differently and why? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">I would put the seeds in more carefully and keep track of the water and stuff way more carefully. 6/5/09 · What factors might affect the growth of the plants in your terrarium if you repeated the investigation during a different season? In a different room in the school? In a different part of the country? <span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Well in a air-condition room it would be too cold and it wouldn't survive, in an other season it wouldn't really effect it in the place it was in. And in a different part of the country it wouldn't effect it either because Thailand is mostly warm. 11/5/09 <span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">

<span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 255);"> = = =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">Brine Shrimp Hatching =

<span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);"> 1. The Problem: <span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 255);"> We wanted to find out how many spoons of salt we had to put in so that the shrimps would survive the best and how the salinity of water has an affect on the brine shrimp hatching, or not. <span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);"> 2. What we did: <span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 255);"> We used salt and water and mixed it a bit and after that we put the eggs in an mixed it again and left it for 24 hours to see what happens. <span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);"> 3. After 24 hours we noticed that: <span style="font-size: 16px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 255);"> In the 2 spoons of salt the brine shrimps grew the best and in the other they were about the same amount of them. They look really small like little white dots but still they are shrimps and if they're shrimps they are living systems. They also move around with little jerky movements. The cup with no salt hadn't hatched at all, that's weird, isn't it.

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;"> <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);"> 4. After 48 hours we noticed that: <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(255, 0, 255);"> The shrimps are not that active any more and somehow it seems like they are less than yesterday and many eggs hasn't hatched. The cup with no salt has still not hatched. In the cup with no salt there also seems to b something that looks like a jelly-fish. Th eggs on the top of each cup have not hatched either. The 2 spoons of salt cup with shrimps looks the most dead almost every shrimp is dead.

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">5. I predict that: <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 120%;">In a few days all of the shrimps will die. Actually it's pretty obvious since the shrimps get less active for every hour. Since many are dead at the bottom I think that after at least 3 days they will all be dead if the old eggs do not hatch of course.

<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">6. After 60 hour we noticed that: <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255);">The 0 spoon cup had no shrimps and it had some weird web kind of stuff in it. In the 1 spoon cup we noticed that all shrimps had died and some eggs still haven't hatched. In the 2 spoon cup we found like 5 living shrimps and al the others dead. In the 3 spoon cup there were no living features either. <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 132%;"> <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">1. After 48 hours we noticed that: The eggs in the 7 spoons of salt had hatched, like 50 of them, but in the others we saw nothing living but the web which we had in the other experiment is gone now, that's weird. We also noticed that some more salt makes it look really clean somehow with the little salt we had last time it looked sort of dirty.
 * __Experiment 2__**

<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 120%;"> Were the eggs in the 0-spoons and 4,5,6 and higher spoon cups viable? <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; font-size: 120%;"> No, except the 7 spoon cup that had probably 50 eggs or more but the others had not hatched and i suspect they are not viable.

<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Was the hatching robust or did only a few hatch? <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255);">Well in the 7 spoon cup we had a lot of hatching but in the others there were totally none, maybe one or two but still, basically none.

<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">What advantage is it to the brine shrimp to postpone hatching in salt solutions that they are very diluted (little salt) or very concentrated (much salt). No, i don not think so because the brine shrimp have been there so long I don't think it will help anymore no matter what we do I think they are dead and will not hatch even if we put more salt.

= My Letter to Dr.Bryan's = <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 18px; line-height: 27px; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Dear Dr. Bryan, our experiment was successful (except for the dying part...) and we found an answer to your question. Your question was "Will the Brine shrimp survive when the salinity is increased? Well we have the answer now we found out that. We found out that brine shrimps survive the best in 2-3 spoons of salt the 0 and 1 spoons of salt were not successful. So what we noticed in the 0 spoon cup that there was some kind of web like a spider-web but we didn't find out what it was so I'll leave that question for you. We noticed that the Brine shrimps eggs would be best to at least have 2 spoons of salt to survive well, otherwise it might be hard and of course too much is also bad but we didn't find that out.

**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive; color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-weight: normal;">

Our Plan:

1. We have now 4 spoons of salt in one, 5 spoons in one, 6 spoons in one and 7 spoons of salt in one. 2. We also did it with care so that the eggs wouldn't be injured anyhow. 3. We also checked the amount of salt we already had so that we wouldn't add a extra variable. 4. We also tried not to add any possible variables because then we might not find out the right answer. ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">