Katie+'s+Science+Journal

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===1.Tap water • I saw that even though with the naked eye the water looked perfectly clear, it had cells that could be seen with a microscope • The cells… well, there were a lot. It surprised me! I didn’t expect the tap water to be completely full of cells and other things I don’t have the name for! Or were they all cells?===

2. Pond water • I saw that the water was cloudy, but not DIRTY. In fact, it was actually quite clear! • It had even more cells than the tap water, which was my hypothesis.
===3.Leaf • I saw that the leaf was fresh and still alive. It had just been picked from the plant in our classroom. • I saw (up close, in the microscope) that it had many multi-colored things, and green and blue bumps. It was amazing! I also thought I could see some water…=== ===4. Dead leaf • I saw that the lead was dried up and dead, and I expected to see almost nothing under the microscope. • When my teacher adjusted the knobs I saw (quite strangely) little (very little) drops of water all over it. It wasn’t dry after all! Conclusion: Everything seems to be made up of smaller pieces, cells, water, air, and maybe other things we can’t see with the naked eye.===

• Waster disposal
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i think how humans get food is from a shop or even farming to get their food but animals have to hunt for their food and also as water. i think how people get oxygen is from the plants. plants get oxygen from from the carbon dioxide we breath out and the plants breath out oxygen for us. how we get rid of waste is the food we eat it goes down our intestines and goes out and it fist has to digest. i think that cells get food by our digestive system. now i know that cell get there food from gasses, and food and need to survive in water to live. the environment bring food, gasses, and water to the cells all the time.
 * how do human cells get the things they need to survive?
 * how do they get food?
 * how do they get water?
 * how do they get oxygen?
 * how do they get rid of waste?

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Video: circulatory and respiratory systems

 * the more oxygen you get the better your cells can do the job
 * your voice box is called the larynx in a scientific way
 * people give red blood cells to people that that much blood
 * people give blood because they have protein in there blood to people who don't
 * the left side of the heart has a long way to go till it gets around our body
 * the right side will not take such a long time
 * plasma contains vitamins,and minerals

discussion after video
 * the heart has to pump faster
 * because it has to supply your red blood cells to give oxygen
 * it helps the cells get oxygen because if it dose not get what they need the cells will die
 * the white blood cells and the red blood cells make a scab
 * it helps the body by not getting infected
 * if to much blood drip out you die because of to much blood loss and if the cells don't get the food the cells die.
 * the white blood cells, red blood cells, blue blood cells, the cells in your lungs, and the cells in your bones

Heart Dissection
 * 1) I saw the right ventricle
 * 2) The left ventricle
 * 3) cut the right atrium
 * 4) i put my finger through the left ventricle
 * 5) we also saw a lot of dried up blood
 * 6) we saw the left side of the heart
 * 7) we saw the left atrium
 * 8) we saw the respiratory system
 * 9) the circulatory system
 * 10) we saw the vein
 * 11) the blood tissue
 * 12) the capillary
 * 13) the right side of the heart
 * 14) <span style="color: rgb(167, 22, 56);">a lot of blood
 * 15) <span style="color: rgb(167, 22, 56);">the artery
 * 16) <span style="color: rgb(167, 22, 56);">we saw were the carbon dioxide was
 * 17) <span style="color: rgb(167, 22, 56);">valve
 * 18) and we held

video: digestive and excretory systems
 * you have acid in your body that breaks down the food you eat
 * the saliva makes the food in your mouth wet
 * you use your teeth to chew the food in the smaller parts
 * the food then goes down the esophagus
 * the food blends in your stomach with the acid
 * i think the egg is going to be gone and also the string is still going to be their but the egg is going to be gone
 * the one with the acid made the egg not stay on the string
 * villi is the thing in side your small intestine
 * the kidneys is a very important part of your body

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1. Why do people eat food?<span style="color: rgb(55, 210, 152);">we eat food because we have to eat to live and we have to eat to feed our cells. 2. What happens to food in the digestive system? <span style="color: rgb(19, 180, 109);">it goes down our esophagus and then goes to the stomach and the acid then digests it in to liquid and then the food will go down the small and big intestine and go out the anus. 3. Describe the path taken by food as it passes through the digestive system. <span style="color: rgb(29, 149, 112);">it goes to the stomach then down the small intestine and then the big intestine and then the food goes out your anus. 4. Explain what happens to food at each place in the digestive system. <span style="color: rgb(32, 223, 160);">first in the stomach it becomes liquid because of the acid in your stomach than the small intestine and than the big intestine and than goes out your anus. 5. How does digested food get to cells? <span style="color: rgb(14, 225, 192);">it goes through the small intestine and than it is lined with millions of capillaries. sugar and other nutrients pass through the small intestine in to the capillaries. the nutrient-rich blood then flows throughout your body,providing food for your cells. 6. Why do people need kidneys? <span style="color: rgb(18, 181, 143);">so they can clean the blood 20 to 25 times and so they can separating the cellular wastes from the blood. it also is a filter witch it removes the blood and the urine to the bladder. 7. Describe how kidneys work. <span style="color: rgb(35, 215, 169);">it drips the urine in to the bladder one drop at a time and that the urine gets stored till you go to the bathroom but some times the bladder gets to full and it might give your kidneys a infection and it also cleans blood 20 to 25 times by our kidneys.
 * //<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">THE DISASSEMBLY LINE //<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">REVIEW **

<span style="color: rgb(170, 170, 170);">

glossary page 4 cell-is the basic unit of life oxygen- is an atmospheric gas needed to support life carbon dioxide-waste gas produced by all living things blood-is a liquid that flows to and from the cells in blood vessels pulse the result of blood being pushed through the blood vessel by beating of the heart heart- the organ that dose pumps the dehydrogenated blood to the lungs and the oxygenated blood around the body blood vessels- the arteries, veins , and capillaries that carry the blood around the body the human heart has four chambers-right atrium,right venatical,left atrium,left ventricle the circulatory system- includes tissues[blood and blood vessels]and organs [heart]that transport life-support to cells and removes waste the respiratory system- includes the tissue and organizes[lunges]that provide gas exchange [02 and c02] between the blood and atmosphere cross section:is a cut across an object and exposses its internal structure vascular plants:a multiple plant that has vessles for transporting water minerals and suger to all its cells xylem:found in vascular plants. tubes to transport water and minearl to cells phlem:found in vascular plants. tubes to transport suger to cells sap:the sugar rich liquid flowing in the phloem. sorting things out in to classes or groups: pinnate palmate parallel are the ways vascular plants can be classified stomata :is a variable that lets gasses in and out of a incliner spaces food:is the souse of energy and building materials for cells. photosynthesis:is a chemical process in which cells produce energy rich sugar molecules and release oxygen fat:are groups of nutrients that provide energy and building blocks for growth and development mass:s a quantity of matter sunlight:is solar energy light from the sun starches:are chemicals produced by plants to store food molecule:is a particle made of two or more atoms.a sugar molecule is made of carbon hydrogen and oxygen stoms. yeast is a single-celled organism cellular respiration is the process by which plants and animals cells break down sugar to get energy, releasing carbon dioxide in the process.

page 5 CIRCULATORY SYSTEM REVIEW

Answer these questions: 1. What are the basic needs of all living cells? <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">all cells need water, food,and gasses .correct Mostly OK! 2. How do the cells in multicellular organisms get the resources they need to stay alive? <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">the environment gives cells food and water and gasses all the tim e.w<span style="color: rgb(28, 20, 163);">right x 3. What is the main function of the left side of the human heart?i<span style="color: rgb(42, 28, 151);">t pumps oxygen and picks up carbon dioxide then cycle starts over.good x 4. What is the main function of the right side of the human heart? <span style="color: rgb(45, 85, 205);">it goes through the heart and goes through the body and comes back to the heart. great x it collects blood returning from the body tissues and pumps it out to the lungs 5. What is the function of the red blood cells? <span style="color: rgb(53, 52, 168);">it carries oxygen and protein.good x they carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells, and carbon doxide from the cells to the lungs 6. What are the main kinds of blood vessels and what functions do they perform? viens,arteries,capilleries 1/2 7. Describe what happens when blood flows through the lungs. <span style="color: rgb(34, 37, 180);">then it gives you oxygen. good x red blood cells release carbon dioxide for elimination and pick up oxygen for delivery. 8. Describe what happens when blood in capillaries flows past cells. t<span style="color: rgb(59, 24, 175);">he blood cells releases their oxygen,witch passes through the surrounding wall and the surrounding tissue. the tissue releases i <span style="color: rgb(59, 24, 175);">ts waste, like carbon dioxide, which passes through the wall and in to the red blood cells Great!

PHOTOSYNTHESIS This is the equation:** solar energy must be present with the 6 molecules of carbon dioxide and the 12 molecules of water in order for photosynthesis or making of sugar to occur.
 * The form of food produced in plants is sugar. The process that makes sugar is called** PHOTOSYNTHESIS**.** PHOTOSYNTHESIS **happens in green cells.

photosynthesis =Experiment observations= We saw that the bag that has the cookies when we pressed it down it until we could not push it down any more or else it would pop the ones with sugar reacted than flour so yeast reacts to sugar than flour. cellular respiration
 * 1) sugar is a class of subtenses called carbohydrates
 * 2) the raw materials needed by plants are carbon dioxide, and water
 * 3) chlorophyll is a molecule that absorbs red and blue light and reflects green light
 * 4) the products of photosynthesis are carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
 * 5) plants produce food in in the green parts of the plant. every cell contains light absorbing molecule chlorophyll is making sugar.
 * 6) you run on solar energy because it started as carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight so that makes solar energy
 * 1) people eat food to get energy and nutrient and to survive
 * 2) well if you eat a fat food with Vietnams in it when you digest it than some of your food goes to your cells in your body and that cells get energy and you get energy
 * 3) well the sun goes to the leaves and produce sugar and the sugar in the plant goes throughout the plant and gives them sugar to the plant places where they need it
 * 4) in cellular respiration sugar,carbon dioxide, oxygen and water produce energy

**Cellular Respiration

1. 2. 3.** what we did: we chose 2 cereals that we thought might be HIGH and LOW in sugar content. Then we put yeast in both of them and then put put hot water in it. then we have to wait till 10 minutes has gone past.

food tested amount of co2 in 10 min amount of co2 in 20 min =Brine shrimp hatching=
 * koko krunch 100 ml 200 ml ||  ||   ||
 * corn flakes 0 ml 0 ml ||  ||   ||
 * corn flakes 50 ml 100 ml ||  ||   ||
 * captain ch 100 ml 250 ml ||  ||   ||
 * coco bits 100 ml o ml ||  ||   ||
 * corn flakes 50 ml 0 ml ||  ||   ||
 * cookie c 150 ml 150 ml ||  ||   ||
 * frostiest 100 ml 50 ml ||  ||   ||
 * corn crunch 150 ml 150 ml ||  ||   ||
 * cheerio 50 ml 50 ml ||  ||   ||
 * sugar control 50 ml ||  ||   ||

We wanted to find out: ====What we did: we got 4 containers, labels, brine shrimp, salt, and fresh water. First we put fresh water in to all of the 4 containers and put no spoons of salt in one then 1 spoon, 2 spooon, and 3 spoons of salt====
 * 1) the problem:The brine shrimp in the salt water lake then some bird called migratory birds where eating the shrimp.

We used to
====After 24 hours we noticed that a lot of the brine shrimp hatched and more of the shrimp in the container with 3 spoons of salt and the one with 2 spoons of salt. The container with no spoons of salt no brine shrimp have hatched====

dear Dr. Bryans
==we found out that brine shrimp do not hatch in no spoons of salt. When we put four containers and put them in non salt water then we put no spoons of salt in one container and one in the other then two and three spoons of salt. We than put the brine shrimp in to the containers and Dr. Scott de-solved the salt by swirling it around. Then Dr. Grimaldi put the containers on a plastic silender and we all left in over night. In the morning i was the first to notice the brine shrimp had hatched and it was in container with two spoons of salt but the container with no spoons of salt so it is just normal water no brine shrimp had hatched.== == **How can we find out if the eggs that have not hatched in the cups are still viable? (Alive or able to grow) Our Plan: 1. We put in the container 1 more spoon of salt so that it is 2 spoons of salt in the container and put so in the 2 spoons of salt we put 2 more spoons of salt and 3 spoons we put 3 more spoons of salt. 2. Then we stirred it so the salt devolves and we hope that the shrimp will grow 3. Well i don't think that the container with 1 spoon of salt will grow any more because almost all of the brine shrimp have formed a sort of glue type of barrier. after 48 hours the brine shrimp did not hatch at all but the brine shrimp in the container with 4 spoons of salt only some of the brine shrimp started to hatch as if the were raising from the dead it was so cool. I saw some of the brine shrimp but not a lot only one of the brine shrimp started to swim to the bottom of the container and start to poke around the place where the dead brine shrimp were lying. 1. Were the eggs in the 0-spoons and 4,5,6 and higher spoon cups viable? well only the shrimp in the container with 4 spoons of salt where alive. 2. Was the hatching robust or did only a few hatch? only a few like 10 or 8 of the brine shrimp hatched. 3. What advantage is it to the brine shrimp to postpone hatching in salt solutions that are very diluted (little salt) or very concentrated ( much salt). well the the one that has about 2 more spoons have a more advantage to hatch. ** ==

Score: 2.5/8 Check these, Katie! 15/3/09 Ms Hahn's corrections for you: 1. Food, water, gas exchange, and waste removal! 2. Blood flowing through the circulatory system delivers nutrients and removes waste 3. It collects blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body tissues. 4. It collects blood returning from the body tissues and pumps it out to the lungs.

5. They carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. 6. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. Capillaries touch all cells and carry out gas exchange and nutrient delivery. 7. Red blood cells release carbon dioxide for elimination and pick up oxygen for delivery. 8. Cells take water, food (sugar), minerals, and oxygen from the blood and transfer wastes to the blood.

what support does the digestive system provide for cells?the food you eat changes into cell nutrients in the digestive system what support does the respitory system provide for cells?cells need oxygen.when you breath in,oxygen from the air enters your lungs. what support does the circulatory system provide for cells?your heart pumps blood through the circulatory system to bring resources to every cell.

what support does the kidney provide for cells?cells produce waste. The waste chemicals are "dumped"into the bloodstream.

pinnate

tomatoes

CELERY EXPERIMENT A
Design an experiment to get information about rootless celery and water. The materials available to you include: 2 Stalks of celery with leaves 2 Stalks of celery without leaves 4 Vials
 * Experimental Design**

1 vial holder

measurement tools While you work on your experimental design, think about these three things. • Leaves might affect how celery interacts with water. • The mass of the celery might change. • The volume of water in the vial might change. ** Plan to answer our question: ** we are going to put all of the plants in to the 4 vials and than we put water in it. than we measure the hight and the how much water is in it. the next day we see how much water was gone and the height.
 * Testable question:**will a plant with no leaves grow more or less than with a plant without leaves.


 * Celery Condition || Starting volume of water || Ending volume of water (ml) || Starting mass of celery (g) || Ending mass of celery (g) ||
 * ======with leaves plant a====== || 30 ml || 8 ml || 24 grams || 29 grams ||  ||   ||
 * with leaves plant b || 30 ml || 6 ml || 19 grams || 19 grams ||  ||
 * without leaves plant c || 30 ml || 26 1/2 ml || 21 grams || 26 grams ||  ||
 * without leaves plant d || 30 ml || 24 1/2 ml || 20 grams || 23 grams ||  ||

**CELERY OBSERVATIONS AFTER 1 DAY BUT //BEFORE// MEASURING 1. What is the general condition of the celery stalks compared to yesterday? 2. How did the water in the vial change from yesterday? 3. What do you think happened to the water?

RED DYE CELERY OBSERVATIONS

1. What did you observe when you first looked at the red-dyed whole celery stalk? I saw that they were dieing because that is not regular water it is died water. 2. What did you observe when you then looked at the cross section of the celery stalk? 3. What do you think the red dots are in the celery stalk cross section? they are the cells that bring the water up the roots and than the cells in the stem and than to the leaves 4. What is the relationship between the red dots and water in the celery stalk? ****MY CONCLUSIONS FOR CELERY EXPERIMENT B:** now we have proof that plant A and plant C have grown the most. Plant B did not grow any thing it stayed to 19 grams. Also plant D only grew 3 more grams. They also have been looking a little brown on the top and starting to die with out soil and they also need roots to live. plant A and B absorbed a lot of water even with out their roots. But only one question that I have is how long can plants survive without leaves,roots,and water? 1. what structures do vascular plants have for transporting water? 2. what structures do vascular plants have for transporting sugar?

My notes on video plant structure and growth
 * the epidermis is the hair on the leaf
 * animal cells are like squashy plastic bags but plant cells are multi celled
 * xylem is a one way street that goes one way up a plant
 * less rain makes the rings on a tree smaller
 * roots have a good sense on were they are going
 * roots always go down
 * geotropism means roots going down
 * xylem and phloem is part of the vascular system
 * cuticle is the small dot in the leaf
 * vein contains xylem and phloem in a leaf
 * the photosynthesis occurs on the mesophyll

=Making food-Article=
 * what do all plants have in common?like all humans the plants are multicolor. but unlike humans the cells make rigged walls
 * they have colorful
 * they have xylem and phloem are the two tipes of tissue
 * xylem brings water and nutrient to the leaves
 * the phloem brings sugar to the whole part of the leave
 * the trunk of a tree and the stem of a flowering plant both have the same vascular system
 * every summer or spring a new xylem and phloem form and make a ring in side the tree and the old xylem and phloem are in the middle and the new xylem and phloem are around the outside
 * why are some of the rings in a tree have some of the rings wider and some more narrower because have wet and dry the years weather is.
 * how is the vascular system like in human beings and plants?they both dispose waste and they both transport the nutrient to the cells
 * 1) the plants make sugar from carbon dioxide and water when the sun shines. the sugar is made in green plant cells.cells use the sugar for energy. extra sugar passes out of the cells into the tiny phloem tubes. the sugar mixes with water to make a sweet liquid called sap. the sap flows through the phloem to all the cells that are not green. cells that are not green cant make their own sugar
 * 2) the reason why celery stalks go pink in red dye is because wean you put a plant in water you can see it is normal but when you put it in red die it turns pink because that is what it is drinking.
 * 3) well blood and sap are the same by in a human if you cut your skin or cut off bark it starts bleeding out sap or blood

**2.** ** My Terrestrial Environments Journal **
 * ==== Plants do not produce food with out water√ ====
 * ==== Plants do not produce food when they have no light√ ====
 * Plant do produce food without nitrogen√
 * Plants do produce food when they have no oxygen√
 * Plants do not produce food without carbon dioxide√
 * Plants produce food in any kind of sand (no)√
 * Plants produce food with water, light, carbon dioxide√
 * I think the mass of the produced food come from the seed it's self and the leaf(water and carbon dioxide)√
 * Well now i know that some of the beens do produce food with some variables and some do not.√


 * a bason


 * small stones[50 ml]


 * soil[1L]


 * sand[500 ml]


 * 800 ml of water


 * seeds

touched the soil to see how damp it is
 * dicided how much water

terrarium observations 24/4/09
Questions to consider: · How do the sides and the top of the terrarium look?it looked damp but it is the water that is starting to evaporate. · How does the soil look?still damp but not flooded and it is moist · Have any seed sprouted?we have now 6 seeds have sprouted i think they are the seeds are radish, barley, and clover. · What kind of seed sprouted first? i think barley What kind of seed sprouted last? · What kind of plant grows best in your terrarium? · How have the living factors of the environment changed?the factors that have changed are the seeds. · How have the nonliving factors of the environment changed? · Which organisms found your terrarium a favorable environment? Why do you think so? · How would you recommend planting seeds in a terrarium?to put the seeds in any way you like but plan were you put them so you don't get to confused. How much soil should be on top of the seed?i think about 2 inches of soil on top of the seeds. Do different types of seeds require different planting techniques?i don't think so but not that i know of. · How is the environment in your terrarium different than the more common environment for corn, barley, clover, radishes, and peas? · If you were going to set up a terrarium again, what would you do differently and why?i would put the terrarium in the sun and plant the seeds and what not. Than i would put the amount of water that was not to much and not to little. Than i would pour the water in and leave it over night and check it in the morning. In the morning i would put my finger and check the soil and if it was damp i would leave it alone but if it was dry i would add only a little bit of water · What factors might affect the growth of the plants in your terrarium if you repeated the investigation during a different season? In a different room in the school? it would be the window next to the sun. In a different part of the country?it would be a place which rains and is sunny a lot.
 * we added 200 ml of water because we thought if we put to much water it would overflow
 * the first seed grew one centimeters
 * the second seed we measured was 2 centimeters
 * the last seed we measured was 1/2 centimeters
 * now i see the 4th seed which is clover
 * radish is starting to grow a lot and it is starting to turn its normal shape
 * we have added 100-ml of water to the terrarium
 * we now have seeds that are 5 inch (highest),and below 1 inch(smallest)
 * one of the seeds has grown a lot over the time and over night
 * clover has not grown any thing
 * one of the plants has almost died
 * the biggest plant i think is the clover has died
 * almost all of our plants have died
 * we noticed that all of our plans have died and that the soil is very dry
 * we also noticed that the seed corn has not even sprouted
 * we did not add any water to our terrarium because all of our plants died so what is the point in even putting water in it when it is not going to even grow

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