Maxime+'s+Science+Journal

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=Title Page= Science Journal Living systems Human, atoms, Molecules, insects, reptiles, plankton, sea animals, birds, trees, plants, desert animals. Maxime V. = Page #1= 1.Tap water Moving white cells Bubbles of water 2.Pond water More moving white cells I think that the dirtier the water the more white things there are. 3. Green leaf Small water bubbles Breathing holes Big red thing in the center 4. Dead leaf Water bubbles again Red breathing holes Conclusions: Our conclusion is that everything needs water and that everything is made of smaller pieces like water, air and cells. Inside cells there are molecules.

=Page #2=

• Water • Food/nutrients • Air • Ambient temperature • Body waste system • Body system • Earth • Shelter X • Exchange of gas O2 to CO2 • Blood • Warmth X • Lungs

=Page #3 = Human cells challenge
 * How do human cells get things to survive? If you drink, eat etc.... your cells will survive.
 * How do they get water? If you drink, your cells will get water.
 * How do they get food? If you eat something, your cells will be able to get water.
 * How do they Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 t ox Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 en? They might get%2Proxy-Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: max-age=0 oxygen by us breathing in our lungs.
 * How do they get rid of waste? When we urinate, we get to get rid of waste from our blood, cells etc.......

=Page #4= CIRCULATORY SYSTEM REVIEW Answer these questions: 1. What are the basic needs of all living cells? All cells need water, Food, Oxygen and waste disposal. Correct - √ 2. How do the cells in multicellular organisms get the resources they need to stay alive? They get them by you, eating, drinking and breathing. Correct - X x 3. What is the main function of the left side of the human heart? The left side of the heart pumps blood around the body. Half Correct - √ 1/2 4. What is the main function of the right side of the human heart? The right side of the heart pumps blood to go to the lungs. Correct - √ 5. What is the function of the red blood cells? Blood carrying carbon dioxide. wrong - X x 6. What are the main kinds of blood vessels and what functions do they perform? Arteries and veins and capillaries. Arteries carry blood from the heart to the body and the veins carry blood back to the heart. The capillaries exchange materials. Correct - √ Great! 7. Describe what happens when blood flows through the lungs. The blood gets oxygenated. Half Correct - √ 1/2 8. Describe what happens when blood in capillaries flows past cells. Each blood cell exchanges materials. Capillaries are one blood cell thin. Wrong - X x

Score: 4/8 Check these, Maxime! 15/3/09 Ms Hahn's corrections for you: 1. Food, water, gas exchange, and waste removal! 2. Blood flowing through the circulatory system delivers nutrients and removes waste 3. It collects blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body tissues. 4. It collects blood returning from the body tissues and pumps it out to the lungs. 5. They carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. 6. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. Capillaries touch all cells and carry out gas exchange and nutrient delivery. 7. Red blood cells release carbon dioxide for elimination and pick up oxygen for delivery. 8. Cells take water, food (sugar), minerals, and oxygen from the blood and transfer wastes to the blood.

Video: Circulatory and Respiratory System

 * Once you go inside the your mouth or nose, you will come to two long tunnels and into the lungs.
 * inside the lungs, there are sacs.
 * There are different kinds of blood. A, B, O and AB.
 * Once you have a cut, white blood and red blood comes out but heals quickly.
 * Once you have a virus, the virus kills red and white blood.
 * White blood live up to a few days.
 * On the right side of the heart, the blood comes right back.
 * In one second, 2,000,000 red blood cells are made from each bone

= =

After Discussion: = =
 * 1) Heart beat increases it's speed.
 * 2) Because your cells in your body, need to get oxygenated.
 * 3) Your cells needs oxygen to be active.
 * 4) Blood platelets form fibrin to block the blood from coming out
 * 5) If to much blood escapes out of your body, you can die because you won't have enough blood
 * 6) There are White blood cells. If white blood cells weren't in your blood, germs, viruses, disease, etc.... will kill you.

Heart Dissection

We first cut the right side of the pig's heart. Once we did, we saw the right atrium, right ventricle etc.........

=Digestive and Excretory system=


 * Even though you didn't even eat the food, your body starts to work anyway.
 * If the stomach has acid inside your stomach will start to break.
 * Sometimes when the stomach is working hard, you might maybe hear the rumble that it makes.
 * I think that the piece of egg will break.
 * I think that the acid will grow higher in the tube and become stronger
 * Some food was gone, off the string, nothing happened.
 * The digestive system gives nutrients to the blood cells.
 * The digestive, excretory and the respiratory systems are important to the human body.

=//THE DISASSEMBLE LINE// REVIEW=

1. Why do people eat food? People eat food to break the food in small pieces into sugar and feed the sugar to the cells in the body. 2. What happens to food in the digestive system? Once you eat, the food comes down your esophagus and into your stomach. 3. Describe the path taken by food as it passes through the digestive system. Into the mouth, through the esophagus, and into the stomach. 4. Explain what happens to food at each place in the digestive system.In the mouth, the food turns into sugar, in the esophagus, the food falls into the stomach, and in the stomach, the food squishes together. 5. How does digested food get to cells? Once the blood passes through the capillaries, the blood exchanges materials to get food. 6. Why do people need kidneys? People need kidneys so that the blood cells and the human body doesn't get all dirty. Once the blood is dirty, it is very possible to die because the your body isn't cleaned out. 7. Describe how kidneys work. When blood passes through the kidneys, the kidneys wash the blood. Then the waste comes into the urine. This is a waste disposal

 = = =Summary Questions = = = 
 * 1) What support does the digestive system provide for the cells??? The digestive system breaks food and gives the food to the cells
 * 2) What support does the respiratory system provide for the cells??? Cells need O2 and CO2 to survive, so when you breath the the red blood cells carry and exchange materials with the cells in the capillaries.
 * 3) What support does the circulatory system provide for the cells??? When the blood passes through a capillary in the cardiovascular system, they exchanges oxygen from the cells.
 * 4) What support does he kidneys provide for the cells??? Kidneys clean the blood that passes all around the human body ( dirt on blood ) If the blood is not clean, yo will die and if you die, your cells die ( Waste Disposal ).

= Glossary = = = **Cell** - Cell is the basic unit of life! The Human heart has 4 chambers-right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle and left ventricle. The circulatory system-includes tissues ( Blood and Blood Vessels ) and organs ( Heart ) that transports life-support substance to cells AND remove waste! **Stomata** - any of the minute pores in the epidermis of the leaf or stem of a plant, forming a slit of variable width that allows movement of gases in and out of the intercellular spaces.
 * Oxygen** - Oxygen is an atmospheric gas ( The air ) needed to support life!
 * Carbon Dioxide** - Carbon Dioxide are waste gas produced by all living things
 * Pulse** - The result of the blood pushed through the blood vessels by the beating of the heart.
 * Heart** - The organ that pumps the oxygenated blood to the lungs around the body.
 * Blood** - Blood is a liquid that flows to and from cells in the blood vessels.
 * Blood Vessels** - The arteries, veins and capillaries that carry the blood around the body.
 * The respiratory system**-includes the tissues and organs ( lungs ) that provide gas exchange ( O2 & CO2 )between the blood and atmosphere.
 * Cross section** - is a cut across an object and exposes its internal structure.
 * Xylem** - found in vascular plants. Tubes to transport water and minerals to cells.
 * Vascular Plants** - A multicellular plant that has vessels for transporting water, minerals and sugar to all its cells.
 * Phloem** - Found in vascular plants. Tubes to transport sugar to cells.
 * Classify** - Sorting thing out into classes or groups ( scientists do this all the time )
 * Palmate, Pinnate, Parallel** are the three ways vascular plants can be classified.
 * Food** - Food is the source of energy and building materials for living cells.
 * Photosynthesis** - Photosynthesis is a chemical process in which cells produce energy-rich sugar molecules and release oxygen.
 * Fat** - Fat is a group of nutrients that provide energy and building blocks for growth and development.
 * Protein** - Protein is a group of nutrients that provide energy and building blocks for growth and development.
 * Mass** - Mass is a quantity of matter.
 * Sunlight** - Sunlight is solar energy. Light from the sun.
 * Starches** - Starches are chemicals produced by plants to make food.
 * Molecule** - A Molecule is a particle made of two or three atoms. A sugar molecule is made of Carbon, Hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
 * Yeast** - Yeast is a single organism.
 * Cellular Respiration** - Cellular Respiration is the process by which plants and animals cells break down sugar to get energy, releasing Carbon Dioxide ( CO2 ) in the process.

=Vascular Plants=

Most Plants we see Daily are Vascular Plants.

- Tomatoes, Wheat, Lettuce

- Raspberries, Celery, Trees

- Corn, Potatoes, Mint



**CELERY EXPERIMENT A**
Design an experiment to get information about rootless celery and water. The materials available to you include: 2 Stalks of celery with leaves 2 Stalks of celery without leaves 4 Vials
 * Experimental Design**

1 vial holder

measurement tools While you work on your experimental design, think about these three things. • Leaves might affect how celery interacts with water. • The mass of the celery might change. • The volume of water in the vial might change. ** Plan to answer our question: What kind of water will it Survive in? **
 * Testable question:**
 * 1) Try Different heats of water and put plant into the water
 * 2) Put normal, Warm, Cold, and icy water into the cup ( Fill in 20 ml of water ).


 * Celery Condition ||  || Starting volume of water (ml) ||   || Ending volume of water (ml) ||   || Starting mass of celery (g) ||   || Ending mass of celery (g) ||
 * No Leaf 1 ||  || 25 ml ||   || 21 ml ||   || 52 Grams ||   || 35 Grams ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * Leaf 2 ||  || 25 ml ||   || 16 ml ||   || 13 Grams ||   || 18 Grams ||   ||   ||
 * No Leaf 3 ||  || 25 ml ||   || 20.5 ml ||   || 41 grams ||   || 20 Grams ||   ||   ||
 * Leaf 4 ||  || 25 ml ||   || 15.5 ml ||   || 25 Grams ||   || 16 Grams ||   ||   ||

**CELERY OBSERVATIONS AFTER 1 DAY BUT //BEFORE// MEASURING <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 70%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1. What is the general condition of the celery stalks compared to yesterday? <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">The leaves look dead although they were all in water. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2. How did the water in the vial change from yesterday? <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Every cup had 25 ml of water and now they have all different volumes of water. 3. What do you think happened to the water? <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">I think that the water evaporated or maybe the celery stick absorbed some water RED DYE CELERY OBSERVATIONS 1. What did you observe when you first looked at the red-dyed whole celery stalk? <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">The celery looks red and the red dye kind of sicks onto the celery stick. 2. What did you observe when you then looked at the cross section of the celery stalk? <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">The Cross sections have little red dots from the red dye. 3. What do you think the red dots are in the celery stalk cross section?<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> I think the red dots are little drops of red dye. 4. What is the relationship between the red dots and water in the celery stalk? <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">The Celery absorbed the red dye and now the Celery is red **

=Notes on Video "Plant Structure and growth"=


 * Vascular Plants without any tissues are non - vascular Plants.
 * all Plants have tissues and organs.
 * The Plant Characteristics are that they are multi - celled, have cell walls, chlorophyll, tissues and organs.
 * a fat fat root is called a taproots
 * roots grow down - ward. its called geotropism.
 * In all Vascular Plants, you can find xylem and phloem in the stem.
 * What do all plants have in common? a. They're all vascular. b. They all perspire. c. They all live in soil. d. None of the above answer: None of the above.
 * What does the stem do? a. All of the below b. Connect the roots to the leaves c. Help the plant stand up tall so it can reach for the sun.
 * In which part of the leaf does photosynthesis occur? a. The stomata. b. It doesn't occur in the leaf at all.It happens in the roots. c. In the mesophyll. Answer: In the Mesophyll.
 * What do all plants have in common? Multi-celled, Ridged cell-walls, chlorophyll, Tissues and organs.
 * What are the 2 types of vascular plants tissues? The xylem and the phloem. The xylem brings nutrients to the leaf and the phloem brings nutrient and sugar to were ever it needs to go.
 * The rings of a tree forms one tissue each year the older in the inside and the youngest in the outside.
 * Water Nutrients and Waste Disposals.

=Making Food Article=


 * 1) Plants don't produce food when they have no water.√
 * 2) Plants don't produce food when they have no light.√
 * 3) Plants do produce food when when they have Nitrogen√
 * 4) Plants do not produce food when they have no Oxygen. X <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Plants do produce food when they have no Oxygen.
 * 5) Plants don't produce food when they have no Carbon Dioxide.√
 * 6) Plants don't produce food from the sand they grow in.√
 * 7) Carbon Dioxide, Water and LIght is very important plants to produce food.√
 * 8) The mass of the produced food comes from Carbon Dioxide, Water and Light.√
 * 9) Paco and Eva's data helped our conclusion by them telling us what plants need what and what they don't. √

= P HOTOSYNTHESIS =

**The form of food produced in plants is sugar. The process that makes sugar is called** PHOTOSYNTHESIS**.** PHOTOSYNTHESIS **happens in green cells. This is the equation:** Solar energy must be presents with 6 molecules of carbon dioxide and the 12 molecules of water in order for Photosynthesis ( or the making of water ) to occur.

**2.** ** My Terrestrial Environments Journal

We Used 1 Large Bason, 50 ml of Ismael Stone, 100ml of Hall

Liter of Sand, 1 Liter of Soil and 5 different kinds of seeds. (

Radish, Barley, Clover seeds,Peas, and Corn ).

Questions to consider:

22/4/09 ** · How do the sides and the top of the terrarium look?<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">The Terrarium looks like a box with soil on the top and many rocks and sand on the bottom. On The soil there's water ( too much water ). How does the soil look? <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Wet, too Wet, Flooded · Have any seed sprouted? <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">No Seeds have sprouted yet but I believe that it will soon Start to Sprout. · <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">What kind of seed sprouted first? What kind of seed sprouted last? <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> The clover sprouted last and there are 3 possible seeds that can sprout last because those 3 seeds haven't sprouted yet. · What kind of plant grows best in your terrarium? <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> The clover grows best in the terrarium. · How have the living factors of the environment changed? <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">The living factors ( Plants ) changed by growing much stronger and much bigger. · How have the nonliving factors of the environment changed? <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">The nonliving factors have changed by the soil making more cracks. Must of been the water ( aka, not enough water ). · Which organisms found your terrarium a favorable environment? Why do you think so? <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> The clover found the terrarium a favorable environment because it was the plant that sprouted first. · How would you recommend planting seeds in a terrarium? How much soil should be on top of the seed? Do different types of seeds require different planting techniques? · How is the environment in your terrarium different than the more common environment for corn, barley, clover, radishes, and peas? <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">No seeds have sprouted yet so I do not know. · If you were going to set up a terrarium again, what would you do differently and why?I would put less water like maybe 500 ml of water. · What factors might affect the growth of the plants in your terrarium if you repeated the investigation during a different season? In a different room in the school? In a different part of the country?


 * Notes on video "Plant Structure and Growth":**

1. What is classification? Classification is make a group of one thing that is different from another. e.g: Books. First group: Fantasy. Second group: Poetry etc..... 2. What are three different ways that you can Classify leaves?You can Classify groups of leaves by Palmate, Pinnate and Parallel or Classifying leaves by Margins or Classifying leaves by the shape of the blade.
 * Vascular Plants Thinking:

3. If you had a collection of insects, what ways might you Classify them? You can Classify the insects by their species, type or if they are poisonous,endangered or if they can fly. **

**2.** ** My Terrestrial Environments Journal What we did: Terrarium observations 24/4/09 **
 * we added 250 ml of water because if we add 400 ml of water it might make a flood.
 * We covered the terrarium with plastic foil again because

=Terrarium Observation 27/04/09= = =
 * We noticed that no seeds have sprouted and the Terrarium smelled kind of bad. Don' know why.

=Terrarium Observations29/04/09=


 * We noticed that no plants have sprouted and the terrarium smells kind of bad.
 * We measured 0 cm of plants sprouted.

=Terrarium Observation 1/05/09= = =
 * We noticed that two plants have started to sprout.
 * We noticed that a crack has started to form
 * We noticed that there is not enough water.

=Terrarium observations. 4/5/09=


 * We noticed that all three plants ( Young ) are dying so we added 200 ml of water.
 * We noticed that there is still not enough water.
 * We noticed that more cracks have formed.

=Terrarium Observations 6/5/09=


 * We noticed that one plant could be dying or maybe already dead.
 * We noticed that one plant was dying but is now in full shape.

=Terrarium Observations 11/05/09 My Birthday!=


 * We noticed that the soil is quite dry.
 * We noticed that some plants could die.
 * We noticed that about one or two cracks have stared to come together again.
 * We notice that the plant that was in full shape could be dyeing again.

Photosynthesis:


 * 1) Sugar is the food ( for cells around a vascular plant )that the phloem bring from the leaves down to where ever it's needed.
 * 2) The raw materials needed by plants is Hydrogen ( H ), Oxygen ( O ) and Carbon ( C ).Those materials come from the glucose molecules.
 * 3) Chlorophyll is contained with light-absorbing molecules. Chlorophyll makes the plant look green.
 * 4) The products of Photosynthesis are chemical process in which cells produced energy-rich sugar molecules and release oxygen.
 * 5) Plants produce food from the Carbon Dioxide ( CO2 ), Water ( H2O ) and Light combined to make sugar.
 * 6) It started as Carbon Dioxide, Water and Light.

We found out that the volume of the CO2 ( in ml ) is 50 ml of sugar. We found out that the ingredient that makes the yeast grow in the animal cookies. We found out that yeast needs sugar in order to grow in mass ( Matter ).


 * 1) People eat food because all the cells in the body needs to be fed by cells.
 * 2) The cells get the energy by the food we eat from the minerals, vitamins, etc... and breaks it down.
 * 3) The plant cells get the energy they needs from the sunlight, water and Carbon Dioxide that makes sugar.
 * 4) During Cellular Respiration, Cells work hard.

** How Much Sugar in our Cereals?

What we did: We chose 2 cereals that we thought might be HIGH and LOW in sugar content. Then we put water in the hot water bath and checked the temperature (between 35 and 50 degrees). Then we put the cereals in the hot water bath and waited for 10 minutes. Then we put the cereals in the cylinder and measured the amount of Carbon Dioxide ( CO2 ). ** Dioxide in 10 min** || **Amount of Carbon Dioxide in 20 min** ||
 * **Food tested** || **Amount of Carbon
 * Coco Crunch || 100 ml || 200ml ||
 * Corn Flakes || 0 ml || 0 ml ||
 * Captain Crunch || 100 ml || 100 ml ||
 * Coco bits || 100 ml || 250 ml ||
 * Corn flakes || 50 ml || 0 ml ||
 * Cookie Crisps || 150 ml || 0 ml ||
 * Frosties || 100 ml || 50 ml ||
 * Corn Crunch || 100 ml || 150 ml ||
 * Cheerios || 150 ml || 50 ml ||
 * Corn flakes || 50 ml || 100 ml ||
 * **Sugar Control** || 50 ml || 50 ml ||

= **Brine Shrimp Hatching** = = = 1. The problem: We wanted to find out if the salinity will have an effect on the Brine Shrimp.

2. What we did: We used a special kind of water and a few spoons of salt to find if the senility will have an effect on the Brine Shrimp.

3. After 24 hours we noticed that the Brine Shrimp have hatched. With 0 spoons of salt, the Brine Shrimp eggs stay on the bottom and the top. With 1 spoon of salt, the Brine Shrimp are moving around. With 2 spoons of salt, the Brine Shrimp move even more and the Brine Shrimp in the cup with 3 spoons of salt aren't hatching that that well.

4. After 48 hours we noticed that some Brine Shrimps have died. In the 0 spoons of salt there is some kind of weird thing in the middle. In the 1 spoon of salt, there is only very few Brine Shrimps near the edge of the cup. In the 2 spoons of salt, there are also very few Brine Shrimps. In the 3 spoons of salt, no eggs have hatched.

After 60 hours we noticed that all the Brine Shrimps have died except in the cup with 2 spoons of salt. With 0 spoons of salt, there is some kind of web. On 1 spoons of salt there is nothing but dead Brine Shrimps floating around. In 2 spoons of salt there is just a few Brine Shrimps swimming around the cup. In 3 spoons of salt there is only very few Brine Shrimps alive.

=My Letter to Dr. Bryans:=

Dear Dr. Bryans,

After 3 days we noticed that there was some kind of web in the middle. What is it? How was it made and What is it for? Why do the Brine Shrimp take a long time to hatch in 3 spoons of salt? In 1 spoon of salt there was nothing at all but dead Brine Shrimps floating around. How does it die?

**How can we find out if the eggs that have not hatched in the cups are still viable? (Alive or able to grow)

Our Plan:

1. We added 4, 5, and 6 spoons of sugar into the cups. 2. In the 0 spoons we added 6 spoons of salt. In the 1 spoon we added 6 spoons of salt. In the 2 spoons we added 3 spoons of salt and on the 3 spoons we added 1 spoon of salt. 3. We stirred the cups with salt in it. 4. We put the Brine Shrimp in the cups.**

After 48 hours we noticed that the Brine Shrimps in the cup with 4 spoons of salt have not hatched yet. The cup with 5 spoons of salt hasn't hatched yet. The cup with 6 spoons of salt have died and the cup with 7 spoons of salt have hatched (very few) and most have not hatched.

1. Were the eggs in the 0-spoons and 4,5,6 and higher spoon cups viable? <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> Cups with 4,5,6 or over aren't working successfully but with 7 spoons of salt, some Brine Shrimps are alive. 2. Was the hatching robust or did only a few hatch? <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">For 4 spoons of salt, the Brine Shrimps weren't that robust. For 5 spoons of salt the Brine Shrimps weren't that robust as well. For 6 spoons of salt, the Brine Shrimps were all most robust but aren''t robust but for 7 spoons of salt some Brine Shrimps were were robust but most are not robust. 3. What advantage is it to the brine shrimp to postpone hatching in salt solutions that are very diluted (little salt) or very concentrated ( much salt). <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Yes it did have an effect on the Brine Shrimps because the Brine Shrimps kind of survived in the cup with 7 spoons of salt.