Brianna+'s+Science+Journal

By Brianna My class was had a question ''What is a living system?' Here are a few,
 * Living Systems
 * Human
 * Animals
 * Flowers
 * fish
 * trees
 * grass
 * water
 * plants
 * And much more!

24/2/09 Microscope observations; 1. Tap water I just saw clear water but with the microscope I saw tiny cells in it. 2. Pond water I saw cloudy water but not dirty. when I looked in the microscope I was suprised I was expected to see nothing but there was tiny cells! 3.Leaf I saw tiny dots and cells. There was a little bit of water. 4.Dead Leaf I saw water cells on it even though it look dead.

24/2/09 what are some of the things that all organisms need? · Water · Air · Food · Shelter[x] · Blood · Skin[fur, covering] · Warmth · Energy · Body parts · Protection against predators? · Waste disposal · Earth · Exchange of gases 02 to C02

1. They get food form the water around them. they get water from the environment. The environment bring water, food, gases. Now I know that the human cells get what they need from the blood pumped around the body. 2. They get food from the water around them. Now I know that the human cells get food from the blood pumped around the body. 3. They get water from the environment. Now I know that the human cells get water from the blood pumped around the body. 4. They get oxygen from the environment too. Now I know the human cells get the gases in the blood also. 5. Their bodies is the same as ours so they just go to the bathroom and leave the waste. Another kind of cell takes the waste away. Now I
 * ====Human Cells Challenge====
 * How do human cells get the things they need to survive?
 * How do they get food?
 * How do they get water?
 * How do they get oxygen?
 * How do they get rid of waste?

know they get rid of waste through the blood as well.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM REVIEW

Answer these questions: 1. What are the basic needs of all living cells? / Water, Food, Gases (exchange!) and waste removal. \ <span style="color: rgb(255,0,255);">Good OK! 2. How do the cells in multicellular organisms get the resources they need to stay alive? <span style="color: rgb(128,0,0);">The blood is pumped through blood vessels to all cells. The blood carries food and gases to the cells and carries away waste. \ <span style="color: rgb(255,0,255);">Good OK! 3. What is the main function of the left side of the human heart?/ The left side of the heart is to pump the deoxygented blood to were the blood can be oxygented. \ <span style="color: rgb(255,0,255);">Good x 4. What is the main function of the right side of the human heart? / The right side is to pump all the blood cells into the right ventricle .\ Good x 5. What is the function of the red blood cells? / The main function of red blood cells is to carry blood and oxygen through the body.\ Good <span style="color: rgb(255,0,255);">1/2 6. What are the main kinds of blood vessels and what functions do they perform? / When blood flows through the lungs, Carbon Dioxide leaves blood and oxygen is absorbed.\ <span style="color: rgb(255,0,255);">Good OK! This belongs in no. 7!! 7. Describe what happens when blood flows through the lungs. / The main kinds are veins, arteries/ capillaries and artioles. They carry red and white blood cells through the body.\ <span style="color: rgb(255,0,255);">Correct 1/2 This belongs in no. 6!! 8. Describe what happens when blood in capillaries flows past cells. / <span style="color: rgb(0,255,0);">The capillaries are so thin that it touch every cells in the body. Gas ??? takes place while the red blood cell is sliding past a cell. \ <span style="color: rgb(255,0,255);">Good x

<span style="font-size: 20pt; color: red; font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Score: 4 /8 Check these now, Brianna! 15/3/09 Ms Hahn's corrections for you: 1. Food, water, gas exchange, and waste removal! 2. Blood flowing through the circulatory system delivers nutrients and removes waste 3. It collects blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body tissues. 4. It collects blood returning from the body tissues and pumps it out to the lungs. 5. They carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. 6. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. Capillaries touch all cells and carry out gas exchange and nutrient delivery. 7. Red blood cells release carbon dioxide for elimination and pick up oxygen for delivery. 8. Cells take water, food (sugar), minerals, and oxygen from the blood and transfer wastes to the blood.

Circulatory and Respiratory Systems
1. Your heart beats more to keep up with energy 2. The lungs need more air to give to the white blood cells to stay alive. 3. They need oxygen to keep active. To get rid of of Carbon Dioxide. 4. When a blood vessel is cut a scab forms to keep from bleeding. 5. If you lose a lot of blood, the blood cells will die because they need the blood to stay alive so we will die too. 6. There are other blood cells called Red-blood cells. They carry waste away which is Carbon Dioxide
 * I learned that in your lungs there is something called Air Sac which oxygen comes out at the same time Carbon Dioxide comes in.
 * Our lungs contian lots and lots of blood vessels
 * I learned that there is different kinds of blood. There is A, B. O and AB.
 * The most important blood cells is the white blood cells. They fight sickness inside our body.
 * The right side of the heart's blood goes to the lungs and then comes right back to the heart.
 * The left side of the heart's blood goes around the body and back to the heart.
 * Air is 1/5 of our body.
 * Discussion after Video

Heart Dissection What did we do? 1. We cut out the right side of the heart to show the right atrium. I saw dried blood and a connection between the supereior vena cava and the right atrium. I took some pictures of it.We were looking for the superiornvena cava, the right atrium , the right ventricle and the right value. 2. Then we cut deeper to looked inside the heart. After that we were free to look and cut anything. [ It's not so bad if you are use to it.]

Digestive and Excretory Systems
 * We need to eat to feed every cells in our bodies.
 * First our teeth will chew the food to make it small so it can go down in the tiny tube to the stomach.
 * Then when the food is down there, acid will fill up the stomach.
 * After submersing food into 4 different liquids[ acid, enzine, pepsim, distilled water.] I thinkthe food will dissolve in the acid and keep getting smaller and smaller in the other liquids.
 * Saliva is released from glands in your cheeks and jaws.
 * Your stomach contracts and makes noises.
 * Digestive and Excretory System
 * Digestive and Excretory System

The Disassembly Line Review 1. Why do people eat food? Because we need to feed our cells! We need to feed the cells so they can keep working in our body to keep us healthy! 2. What happens to food in the digestive system? When a person eats, the acid in the stomach will grind the food into tiny particles and these nutrients go to the blood. The nutrients feed the cells. 3.Describe the path taken by food as it passes through the digestive system. The food travels down the esaphigus, and to the stomach. The nutrients go to the blood. This recently enriched blood travels around the body, feeding every cell. The kidneys makes sure all waste exits the body. 4. Explain what happens to food at each place in the digestive system. The food is turned to tiny, tiny nutrients in the stomach by acid, and that goes to the blood. The blood travels around the body, feeding the cells. 5. How does digested food get to cells? It travels in the blood, around the body and to the cells. 6. Why do people need kidneys? We need kidneys because they clean the waste from the blood and makes sure it exits the body. So if we didn't have the kidneys the areas will be not be a good place for the cells to work in our body. 7. Describe how kidneys work? <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">The kidneys takes the waste out of the blood, then the kidneys transfer the waste to the intestines. The intestines then makes the waste exit the body.

<span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">VASCULAR PLANTS Most plants we see daily are vascular plants. -tomatoes wheat lettuce raspberries trees

These are pictures of leaves we are now studying

Pinnate Palmate Parellel

<span style="border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;">= =<span style="border-collapse: separate; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px;">**CELERY EXPERIMENT A** =

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Design an experiment to get information about rootless celery and water. The materials available to you include: 2 Stalks of celery with leaves 2 Stalks of celery without leaves 4 Vials
 * Experimental Design**

1 vial holder

measurement tools While you work on your experimental design, think about these three things. • Leaves might affect how celery interacts with water. • The mass of the celery might change. • The volume of water in the vial might change. ** Plan to answer our question: STEP 1. We will measure the plants and write it down. STEP 2. Then we will measure [30] millimeters of water into a small cup. STEP 3. Place a celery in each one. STEP 4. Record each plant on a piece of paper. STEP 5. We got a table to list all measurement below.
 * Testable question: Will a plant with leaves grow more or less than a plant without leaves??**

= ** = =

= = **Data Collection Table** =

=

|| Celery Condition ||  || Starting volume of water (mL) ||   || Ending volume of water (mL) ||   || Starting mass of celery (g) ||   || Ending mass of celery (g) || Celery Condition






 * plant A with leaves ||  || 30 ||   ||   ||   || 24 grams ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||   ||


 * plant B with leaves ||  || 30 ||   ||   ||   || 19 grams ||   ||   ||   ||   ||


 * plant C without leaves ||  || 30 ||   ||   ||   || 21 grams ||   ||   ||   ||   ||

**CELERY OBSERVATIONS AFTER 1 DAY BUT //BEFORE// MEASURING <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 70%; color: rgb(0,0,0);">1. What is the general condition of the celery stalks compared to yesterday? <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 70%; color: rgb(0,255,0);">The general condition of the celery is all of them looks really healthly and green and some has leaves on them. 2. How did the water in the vial change from yesterday? Yeterday [10/4/09] we put the same measurement of water and today all of them went down so I think that means that the celery drink some of it or something like that. It got like sucked out up by the plant. The one with the leaves needed more water for it leaves.

RED DYE CELERY OBSERVATIONS 1. What did you observe when you first looked at the red-dyed whole celery stalk? <span style="color: rgb(0,255,0);">I observe that it was red and weak-looking. 2. What did you observe when you then looked at the cross section of the celery stalk? There was red dots in the celery. 3. What do you think the red dots are in the celery stalk cross section? I think that the red dots are water that is in the stalk cross section. 4. What is the relationship between the red dots and water in the celery stalk? ** Since the water were red then dots are like a symbol of the red water. The water goes there.

When I first look at the celery that cover in Red dye I thought it was in perfect health and when they cut of the edge there was three holes for the food and water and waste to go up and down.
 * MY CONCLUSIONS FOR CELERY EXPERIMENT B:**

Notes on Video ' Plant Structure And Growth''

Vascular Plants Thinking:
 * There are many kind of vascular plants.
 * There are plants characteristics: multi-cells, cell walls, chlorophyll [most],
 * All plants have tissues and organs.
 * The oldest living thing is really the plants.
 * The roots also hold the plants.
 * What do all plants have in common?
 * D]
 * What does the stem do?
 * Connects the roots to the leaves and help the plants stand up tall so it can reach the sun.
 * In which part of the leaf does photosynthesis occur?
 * The mesophyll.
 * All plants are mult.
 * Cells are rigid walls and not moving.
 * Phloem and Xylem are the two plants tissues.
 * The Xylem brings the water and nutrients up to the leaves.
 * The Phloem brings down water and suger to the roots.
 * The truck of the tree and the stem of a flower are the same.
 * The rings of a tree resented the age.
 * The rings of a tree are some thin and thick because the wetter the year is the thicker they are.
 * 1) There are two systems in the plants Xylem and Phloem. The phloem system brings down sugar and feeds every cells on it way down.
 * 2) The Xylem system brings up water and minerl to the leaves and on it way to the leaves it feeds every cells.
 * 3) I think the leaves turn pink because the red dye is like water so it covers the leaves and turns it to red or pink.
 * 4) The blood and sap are the same because the sap are like the water in our systems so sap is like blood for the plants.

Making Food-Article

 * 1) Plants have to have water to produce food because the cells who makes haves to have water, food, waste removal and gas exchange and the sunlight!!! So YES!!!
 * 2) Like I said in no.1 . Yes they need the light if it is sunlight because if they don't they can't make sugar without sunlight !!!! NO!!
 * 3) Plants do NOT HAVE TO have nitrogen in order to make sugar [food]
 * 4) Plants do not have TO HAVE OXYGEN in order to make food.
 * 5) No they don't really need it!!
 * 6) Water, light and C.D

PHOTOSYNTHESIS This is the equation:**
 * The form of food produced in plants is sugar. The process that makes sugar is called PHOTOSYNTHESIS ****.** PHOTOSYNTHESIS **happens in green cells.

Solar energy must be present with the 6 molecules of carbon dioxide and the 12 molecules of water in order for PHOTOSYNTHESIS [or the making of sugar] to occur.

Photosynthesis:
 * 1) Sugar is food for the plants. The plants need sugar in order to stay alive. Sugar is also made from two raw materials!
 * 2) The raw materials needed by plants are Carbon Dioxide[CO2] and water[H2O]. Carbon Dioxide comes from the air and the water comes through the Xylem tubes from the roots.
 * 3) Chlorophyll is a cell that can absorb red and blue light. It reflects green light. That is how the leaves are green!!!!!
 * 4) The products of photosynthesis are SUGAR, OXYGEN, and WATER. The energy from the absorb blue and red light is then ready to be put into the sugar molecules during photosynthesis.
 * 5) The plants produce food in the green part of the plant. Every cell that contains the light-absorbing molecules chlorophyll is making sugar.
 * 6) We run on solar energy by eating food that brings in water,oxygen,light ,and sugar!!!!

COMMENTS!!!
We found out that flour did not really act up only 10 ml and the sugar really act up by 50 ml and 100 ml. We can tell by the sugar really act up by the BUBBLES!!! I think that the flour group said that there were hardly any bubbles.

CELLULAR RESPIRATION


 * 1) People eat food because their cells in their body needs it in order to live and helps us to live.
 * 2) The cells get energy from our food by breaking them down and taking the sugar and bringing it to every cell in the body!!
 * 3) I think it the same with the plants!!!

How Much Sugar in our Cereals?

What we did: We chose 2 cereals that we thought might be HIGH and LOW in sugar content.

Conclustion!!! I saw lots of supplies for the sugar test. First there was yeast to help the cells to act up and boy did the bubbles act up!!!!! I thought that the test was a great idea to try your knowlegde because well just you try it!!!

Glossary. <span style="color: rgb(0,128,0);">Cells - is the basic unit of life! <span style="color: rgb(0,128,0);">Oxygen - is an atmosphere gas [in the air] needed to support life! <span style="color: rgb(0,128,0);">Carbon Dioxide - waste gas produced by all living things! <span style="color: rgb(0,128,0);">Pulse - the result of blood being pushed through the blood vessel by the beating of the heart. <span style="color: rgb(0,128,0);">Heart- the organ that pumps the deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the oxygenated blood around the body. <span style="color: rgb(0,128,0);">Blood Vessel- the arteries and veins and capillaries that carry the blood around the body. The human heart has four chambers- right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle. The circulatory system- includes tissues[ blood and blood vessels] and organ[ heart] that transport life-support substances to cell AND removes waste! The respiratory system- includes the tissues and organs[ lungs] the provide gases[ O2 and CO2] between the blood and atmosphere. || t || || Cross section- is a cut across an object and exposes its internal structure Vascular plants- a multicellular plant that has vessels for transporting water, minerals, and sugar to all its cells. Xylem- found in vascular plants. Tubes to transport water and minerals to cells. Phloem- found in vascular plants, Tubes to transport sugar to cells. Sap- the sugar-rich liquid flowing in the phloem. Classify- sorting things into classes or groups. Palmate, Pinnate and Parellel are the three ways to classied.

Cellular respiration is the process by which plants and animal cells break down sugar to get energy, releasing Carbon Dioxide in the process.

 * [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/_/2009030201/i/bBL.gif width="8" height="8" caption="external image bBL.gif"]] |||| [[image:http://c1.wikicdn.com/_/2009030201/i/c.gif width="1" height="1" caption="external image c.gif"]] ||

**2.** ** My Terrestrial Environments Journal What we did;

1. We use one large basin

2. We put in 50 millemeter of small stones.

3. Then we put in a half a liter of sand.

4. Then we put in 1 liter of soil. **


 * We added 250 mi because we know that if we don't, the garden will dry out.
 * We also have to put plastic on it. To keep the water circulate and keep the water in.
 * We talked about how much water we have to put in.

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We noticed that the radish seed is the first seed to started to grow. On the 24/4/09 we put water in the terrarium to keep from drying out over the weekend. So on the 27/4/09 we noticed that there was green in the terrarium.=====

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We noticed that corn seed is the tallest plants so far and it's 5 inches and others seeds are really starting to grow higher or more and the others terrariums are doing really good and the terrarium is a really fun project!!!!!!!=====

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We noticed [at least I did, I didn't see anyone else] that the plants are not so green so that means it is dry and since this is our last observation I just say HAVE FUN AND IT IS A GREAT LEARNING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!=====

Questions to consider.

. How do the sides and the top of the terrarium look? 22/4/09 <span style="color: rgb(0,255,0);">On the sides it looks it has too much water,flooded. 27/4/09 the sides looks like the right weigh. 4/5/09 On the sides its looks just like a real garden. 6/5/09 It's looks just right!!!!

=· How does the soil look? <span style="color: rgb(0,255,0);">22/4/09 Too wet! 4/5/09 just right! 6/5/09 A little wet-looking!!= · Have any seed sprouted? 22/4/09 No ! 4/5/09 the corn is the first to grow!!! 6/5/09 Yes! About 5 of them! · What kind of seed sprouted first? <span style="color: rgb(0,255,0);">The corn seed sprouted first. What kind of seed sprouted last? <span style="color: rgb(0,255,0);">The radish is the last to sprouted · What kind of plant grows best in your terrarium? 4/5/09 <span style="color: rgb(0,255,0);">The corn is!!!! · How have the living factors of the environment changed? 11/5/09 <span style="color: rgb(0,255,0);">There is more water cells!!!!!!!!!! · How have the nonliving factors of the environment changed? · Which organisms found your terrarium a favorable environment? Why do you think so? 11/5/09 <span style="color: rgb(0,255,0);">I think the plants like it and the soil too!!!!!! because they sprouted and keep growing!!! · How would you recommend planting seeds in a terrarium? How much soil should be on top of the seed? Do different types of seeds require different planting techniques? <span style="color: rgb(0,255,0);">I would try to put them all together to see if they grow, about 2 cups of soil, and I think YES!!!!!!! <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">· <span style="font-size: 16pt; color: rgb(0,255,0);"><span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);">How is the environment in your terrarium different than the more common environment for corn, barley, clover, radishes, and peas? 11/5/09 A lot smaller space and always in the sun!!!!!! · If you were going to set up a terrarium again, what would you do differently and why? <span style="color: rgb(0,255,0);">11/5/09 I would try other kind and put them together to see if they will go together or not? and maybe only feed it milk like a boy did to his pumpkin and it was tasty. · What factors might affect the growth of the plants in your terrarium if you repeated the investigation during a different season? <span style="color: rgb(0,255,0);">Maybe in the summer it will be dry out. In a different room in the school? Maybe it would be dull!!! In a different part of the country? <span style="color: rgb(0,255,0);">11/5/09 <span style="color: rgb(0,255,0);">IN AFRICA IT WOULD BE DRY!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! .

**Brine Shrimp Hatching** 1. The problem: We wanted to find out how much salt do brine shrimp need to survive in salt water for the birds that feed on the brine shrimp. The birds need this shrimp in order to go up to the north and the south.

2. What we did: We use cups and salt and water and left it on a tray for 24 hours. We used cups and salt and water to classifly.

3. After 24 hours we noticed that the o salt has none hatched and the 1 spoon of salt is really hatched the other seem not hatch yet.

====4. After 48 hours we noticed that the O spoons of salt has none and the 1 spoons of salt has hatched and there was little things that were moving and in the 2 spoons of salt has also really hatching there was small shrimp and in the 3 spoons of salt is hatching. ====

5. I predict that the shrimp looks weird and I enjoying it why is it so small?.
==== 6. After 60 hours we noticed that in the 0 spoons of salt was still not hatched because I think that brine shrimp can not hatched with out salt and in the 1 spoon of salt all the shrimp that hatched DIED because there was too little salt and in the 2 spoons of salt there are still alive and in the 3 spoons of salt there is none alive. ====

Dear Dr. Bryans, Hi Dr. Bryans, my name is Brianna and my class did a project on the question that you were asking

**How can we find out if the eggs that have not hatched in the cups are still viable? (Alive or able to grow)

Our Plan:

1. We think if we add more spoons of salt the ones that are still alive or not hatched yet will hatched with more salt

2. We add for 3 spoons of salt to the 3 spoons of salt so there are 6 spoons. We also added 3 spoons of salt to the 1 spoons so there are 4 spoons of salt and 3 spoons to the 2 spoons of salt so there are 5 spoons of salt. 3. We then stir it to mix the salt with the water.Then we will see what will happen!!!!!

After 48 hours we noticed that the 4 spoons of salt looks like it really hatched by the movement in the water and in the 5 spoons of salt it also hatched and in the 6 spoons of salt there was no movement or things moving so there no hatched eggs.

1. I think it not possible for the 0 spoons of salt because the brine shrimp needs salt to live and the rest is viable. 2. Some really robust but others only hatched a little or none at all. 3. I think yes because the shrimp needs salt so yes they needs a lot of salt.**