Abhi+'s+Science+Journal

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=Title Page = = = = =  What is a living system? I know that a system is a group of objects working together. Then a living system must be living objects working together! Here are some examples: ·  Amoeba ·  Humans ·  Arachnids ·  Reptiles ·  Fish ·  Mammals ·  Bacteria ·  Cells ·   Insects



==

Microscope observations
1. Tap Water I saw little water particles. I saw the cells maybe moving. I saw cells. The cells were blue colored. 2. Pond Water I saw green bacteria. I saw more cells than from the water. I saw things moving. I saw that it was all greenish. 3. Leaf I saw a red organism through the microscope. I saw green cells. The red organism may have been a cell cluster 4. Dead leaf I saw millions of purple of blue and red colored colored cells. They all seemed dead. There was still water in it. The cells looked like bombs from the game Minesweeper.

Conclusion: Everything seems to be made up of smaller pieces, cells, water, air and maybe other things we cant see with the naked eye.

Things that living systems need in order to survive
What are some of the things that all orgnisms need? Some of them are: · Water · Air ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none;"> Food ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none;"> Ambient Temperature ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none;"> Energy ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none;"> Body parts ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none;"> Shelter(X) ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none;"> Protection against predators(X) ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none;"> Waste Disposal ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none;"> Blood(X) ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none;"> Warmth(X) ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none;"> Skin for covering ·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none;"> Exchange of gasses O2 to CO2

Human cells challenge
<span style="color: rgb(143, 15, 163);">I think the human cells get the things they need to survive from you and maybe from other cells in the body. Now I know for sure that what I said was right. <span style="color: rgb(143, 15, 163);">I think that they get food when you eat your food and they take the nutrients. Now I know that they get food from our blood sugar. <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">They get water when you drink water because they absorb some of the water <span style="color: rgb(153, 66, 174);">. I found out that I was right!<span style="color: rgb(153, 66, 174);"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">They get oxygen or the gases that they need when you take a breath. I found that I was right again! I am so good! <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">They get rid of the waste when they release it through their own anus. I found out that I was right. P.S. I looked it up on wikipedia.
 * How do human cells get the things they need in order to survive?
 * How do they get food?
 * How do they get water?
 * How do they get oxygen?
 * How do they get rid of waste?

Circulatory & Respiratory Systems Video
Discussion after video: = =
 * 1/5 of the air around you is oxygen
 * Each of your lungs holds three hundred million air sacs
 * The bronchi are the tubes that hold the lungs together
 * The respiratory systems is made up of your lungs
 * Each person has their own type of blood
 * If you get the wrong type of blood you could get sick
 * The most important blood cells are white the other one is red
 * The platelets help scabs
 * The white blood cells protect you against diseases
 * AB negative is the rarest blood type
 * The left side of the heart pumps blood around the body
 * The right side pumps blood to the lungs and back
 * The left side has really left but the right side will be right back
 * One drop of blood has 500,000,000(?) blood cells 800,000,000(?) and 500,000(?) platelets.
 * 2,000,000 red blood cells are reborn every second!
 * 1) The heart rate increases when doing sports because your lungs need more oxygen.
 * 2) They need the gas to supply oxygen to the lungs and the lungs give oxygen to red blood cells so they can give oxygen to other blood cells.
 * 3) It helps because every cell in your body need oxygen for you to live and to play sports. Also they need to let go of the toxic CO2.
 * 4) When a blood vessel is cut the fibrins and the platelets rush through the blood to form a scab to stop the bleeding.
 * 5) If the platelets and the fibrins don't stop the blood vessel in time and too much blood escapes at one time you will die because to many cells will die at one time.
 * 6) White blood cells and maybe deoxygenated blood cells. They protect your body against diseases, viruses, and infections. I don't know about blue cells.

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM REVIEW
Answer these questions: 1. What are the basic needs of all living cells? <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">All cells need food, water, and either oxygen or the special gasses they might need and waste disposal. Correct! 2. How do the cells in multicellular organisms get the resources they need to stay alive? <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">They get it from inside the body that they are in and from the things they eat. <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Correct! x 3. What is the main function of the left side of the human heart? <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">The left side is mainly used for pumping oxygenated blood around the body. <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Correct! 4. What is the main function of the right side of the human heart? <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">The right side sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs before going in to the left side. <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Correct! 5. What is the function of the red blood cells? <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">They send oxygen around the body. <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Correct! <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);"> x 6. What are the main kinds of blood vessels and what functions do they perform? <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">The main kinds are veins, arteries, capillaries, and arterioles. They carry red and white blood cells throughout the body. <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Correct! 7. Describe what happens when blood flows through the lungs. <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">The carbon dioxide leaves the blood and the oxygen is absorbed from the blood. <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Correct! x 8. Describe what happens when blood in capillaries <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">flows past cells. <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">The blood cells help keep the flow of blood in the capillaries steady. <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Correct! x

Score: 5/8 Ms Hahn's corrections for you: 1. Food, water, gas exchange, and waste removal! 2. Blood flowing through the circulatory system delivers nutrients and removes waste 3. It collects blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body tissues. 4. It collects blood returning from the body tissues and pumps it out to the lungs. 5. They carry oxygen from the lungs to the cells, and carbon dioxide from the cells to the lungs. 6. Arteries carry blood away from the heart. Veins carry blood to the heart. Capillaries touch all cells and carry out gas exchange and nutrient delivery. 7. Red blood cells release carbon dioxide for elimination and pick up oxygen for delivery. 8. Cells take water, food (sugar), minerals, and oxygen from the blood and transfer wastes to the blood.

Heart Dissection
First we cut the upper right atrium and the right ventricle first and we saw the five or more little holes in the front of the heart. We were looking for the right valve and i think the left valve. Then we stuck are finger up the tube as you can see in the picture. Then we cut deeper inside to find and look inside all of the heart. After that we were free to look and cut anything! Hope you like the pictures. Also the heart from the front actually looks like a heart if you look closely.





Digestive & Excretory system

 * Your teeth break down your food so it can go down your esophagus
 * People have gas because of fibers
 * The feces come out of the rectum and anus
 * Kidneys are always in pairs unless you donate one
 * Kidneys clean blood and clean urine
 * The kidneys send urine to the bladder and down the urethra
 * 95% of Urine is water and the rest is waste liquid
 * Kidneys let go of liquids to help the liver and heart
 * You don't need two kidneys
 * The stomach has a thick layer of mucus to protect the stomach
 * The Stomach has strong acids in the stomach
 * The small inestine is taller than 3 full grown men
 * I think that the egg white will disappear in acid or the others

The Dissasembly Line Review
<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1. Why do people eat food? <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">They eat the food so that the digestive system can break it down into food (sugar) for the cells so you can live. 2. What happens to food in the digestive system?<span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"> Food in the digestive system gets broke down into sugar for the cells and the rest go down the anus and turn into feces or urine. 3. Describe the path taken by food as it passes through the digestive system. <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">First it goes down the esophagus then goes into the stomach then goes through the small intestine, through the colon, then the large intestine and then down the anus <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">. 4. Explain what happens to food at each place in the digestive system. <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">In the mouth saliva breaks down the food and sends it down the esophagus. The esophagus is a pipe which uses wave like motions to send the food to the stomach. In the stomach a strong acid breaks down the food to send to the small intestine. The stomach sends the food that can't be broken down and the food and sends it down to the small intestine. The small intestine breaks down the food into sugar to send to the capillaries so that the cells get the sugar and the other food goes to the large intestine and the colon. The colon has bacteria that break down the remaining usable food and then water is taken out of the food. The rest of the food goes to the anus and out into the toilet. 5. How does digested food get to cells? <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">The digested food gets to the cells by going down the small intestine. 6. Why do people need kidneys? <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">They need it so that the blood will get cleaned. 7. Describe how kidneys work. <span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">The kidney's clean the blood from the waste as the blood goes through. Then the kidney's send the waste and make it into urine and then it sends it to the bladder. to the other intestines.

=Vascular Plants= Here is the definition of a Palmate and a picture:** Here is a picture: **
 * Most plants we see are vascular plants like Tomatoes, Celery, Trees, Maple Trees, and Raspberries. Here are some like Palmate, Pinnate, and Parallels.
 * A palmate is a plant that basically looks like the palm of your hand. The main veins come out from basically a center point and then there are lots of little tiny veins groing on the side of the main veins.

A parallel is a leaf which has veins that only touch at the bottom or the top. Here is a picture:

A pinnate leaf is a leaf that has a main leaf that goes from top to bottom and then has other secondary veins on the side of the main one and then tiny veins sticking out. Heres a picture:

Here is a picture of a all of them together.



= =

**CELERY EXPERIMENT A**
Design an experiment to get information about rootless celery and water. The materials available to you include: 2 Stalks of celery with leaves 2 Stalks of celery without leaves 4 Vials
 * Experimental Design**

1 vial holder

measurement tools

While you work on your experimental design, think about these three things. • Leaves might affect how celery interacts with water. • The mass of the celery might change. • The volume of water in the vial might change. ** Plan to answer our question:
 * Testable question: Will the celery without leaves absorb more or less water than celery with leaves.**

Step 1. Fill four vials with 25 millimeters of water. Step 2. Put two celery pieces with leaves in one and with the other two with the ones without leaves Step 3. The next day compare Step 4. Record the results **

**RED DYE CELERY OBSERVATIONS 1. What did you observe when you first looked at the red-dyed whole celery stalk?I observed that the natural color was disrupted with the red water and the leaves were rotting. 2. What did you observe when you then looked at the cross section of the celery stalk? I observed that the cross sections still had the veins with red water but it wasn't passing the water up. 3. What do you think the red dots are in the celery stalk cross section? I think that the red dots were veins or the Xylem and the Phloem. **
 * Celery Condition || Starting volume of water (mL) || Ending volume of water (mL) || Starting mass of celery (g) || Ending mass of celery (g) ||
 * Bob(no Leaves) || 25ml. || 16ml. || 58g. || 47g. ||  ||   ||
 * Dan(Leaves) || 25ml. || 11ml. || 22g. || 25g. ||  ||
 * Carl(No Leaves) || 25ml. || 20ml. || 39g. || 30g. ||  ||
 * Alexa(Leaves) || 25ml. ||  || 24g. ||   ||   ||

= 4. What is the relationship between the red dots and water in the celery stalk? The red dots held the water that it had. = =Glossary= Cell- Is the basic unit of life! Oxygen- Is an atmospheric (in the air) gas needed to support life! Carbon Dioxide- A waste gas produced all living things. Pulse- The result of the blood being pushed through the blood vessels by the beating of the heart. Heart- The organ that pumps the deoxygenated blood to the lungs and the oxygenated blood around he body. Blood- Is a liquid that flows to and from the cells in blood vessels. Blood Vessels- The arteries,veins, and capillaries that carry the blood around the body. The human heart has four chambers-right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. The Circulatory System- Include tissues (Blood and Blood Vessels) and organs (Heart) that transport life-support substances to cells AND removes waste! The Respiratory System- Includes the tissues and organ(lungs) that provide gas exchange (O2 & CO2) between the blood and atmosphere.

Review
1. The digestive system provides helps for the cells because it breaks food down into sugar for the cells. 2. The respiratory system helps the cells because it frees the CO2 from the air cells. 3. The Circulatory System helps the cells because it gives oxygen to the cells and takes blood around the body. 4. The kidney cleans the blood and the cells by running it through.

My Terrestrial Environments Journal
We used:


 * One large basin
 * 1.5 liters of soil
 * 50. of small stones
 * half a liter of sand
 * 7 barley seeds
 * 8 corn seeds
 * 8 Pea seeds
 * 8 clover
 * 8 raddish

What we did:


 * We added 200ml. because that was a better amount of water than 800ml. which flooded it.
 * We covered the terrarium with plastic because it would make the water circulate and come back down.

Notes on video "Plant Structure and Growth"
 * 1) Plants might have evolved from algea
 * 2) They grew and developed roots to suck water
 * 3) Plants are EVERYWHERE!
 * 4) Some trees have special structures to live for more than 400 years
 * 5) Plants have tissues, organs, cell walls, mostly have chlorophyll, and are multi-cellular
 * 6) Plants have ridged walls but animals and humans have squishy plastic bag type cells
 * 7) The biggest living organism is General Sherman
 * 8) Xylem carries water up and the Phloem gives food wherever its needed
 * 9) Every spring or summer a new Xylem or Phloem grows around the bark
 * 10) Roots always grow down because they follow gravity
 * 11) The word for roots growing down is Geotropism
 * 12) Phototropism is a word which means plants grow toward the light
 * 13) You always find the Xylem in Phloem in plants and trees. ALWAYS!
 * 14) Transpiration is when leaves


 * 1) Multi Cellular, Ridged cell walls, Chlorophyll,tissues and organs
 * 2) Xylem brings water to the leaves and the Phloem transports sugar and nutrients wherever it's needed
 * 3) They both hold the XYlem and Phloem
 * 4) The rings in the tree come every year when a new vascular bundle is formed. Newer ones are on the inside older on the outside
 * 5) The wetter the year the bigger the vascular tissue and vice versa.

What do all plants have in common? A) They're all vascular(X) B) They all perspire(X) C) They all live in soil(X) D) None of the above(√)

(A) (All of the below) for what does the stem do?

Making Food-Article
 * 1) Plants do not produce food when they have no Water. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">√
 * 2) Plants do not produce food when they have no Light. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">√
 * 3) Plants do produce food when they have no Nitrogen. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">√
 * 4) Plants do produce food when they have no oxygen but the plants grow more food if they have oxygen. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">√
 * 5) Plants do not produce food when they have no carbon dioxide. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">√
 * 6) Plants do not produce food from sand because if you start with 10,000g. of sand it will stay the same in the end. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">√
 * 7) Plants need to have Carbon Dioxide, Light, and water but they grow more food if they have oxygen. They don't need Nitrogen. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">√
 * 8) The mass of the produced food comes from Carbon Dioxide, and Water. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">√
 * 9) When they made that table it explained very easily of what you need to actually produce food in a plant. If it doesn't have those 3-4 things it will not grow.

Observations
 * We noticed thatt there was white fuzz around the terrarium in some places

Questions to consider:
· How do the sides and the top of the terrarium look? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Very very wet because the water didn't evaporate. 27/4/09 The sides are all watery because of how the water couldn't evaporate. 1/5/09 The sides and top are dry now and it is because all of the water evaporated. 4/5/09 The sides are moist with water because lots of the water has evaporated then before. 6/5/09 Moister now · How does the soil look? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">The soil looks very damp and like it just rained. 27/4/09 The soil is dryer now. The soil is dry again. 1/5/09 The soil is moist because it has been freshly watered. 6/5/09 It is dry. · Have any seed sprouted? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">No. No seeds have sprouted yet. 27/4/09 Now 3 seeds have sprouted in the terrarium. Yes and they have gotten bigger and they are corn seeds. 4/5/09 Yes there are 3 corn and 3 clover or something. 6/5/09 There are 3 corn and 3 clover or something. · What kind of seed sprouted first? What kind of seed sprouted last? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">The corn sprouted first. The corn sprouted first. · What kind of plant grows best in your terrarium? · How have the living factors of the environment changed? 27/4/09 <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">It has gotten more plant like than before. It looks like a real environment now. Same thing again and it is growing more<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">. 6<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">/ 5/09 it is growing more. · How have the nonliving factors of the environment changed? 27/4/09<span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);"> It has gotten dryer and more moist than before. · Which organisms found your terrarium a favorable environment? Why do you think so? · How would you recommend planting seeds in a terrarium? How much soil should be on top of the seed? Do different types of seeds require different planting techniques? · <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 16pt;">How is the environment in your terrarium different than the more common? <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">Usually environment for corn, barley, clover, radishes, and peas. Corn is usually in a big open field but the terrarium is a small closed area, for each in every one to just sum it up is that the usual habitats are usually open, free, and big because people plant more than 8 in a big field. · If you were going to set up a terrarium again, what would you do differently and why? · What factors might affect the growth of the plants in your terrarium if you repeated the investigation during a different season? In a different room in the school? In a different part of the country?

**<span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">Brine Shrimp Hatching ** <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> 1. The problem: The problem is that people have noticed that brine shrimp was a a prime food source for a bird and now the ponds and lakes where the brine shrimp live are getting really salty and then the brine shrimp might die and then the birds might die. We wanted to find out... how the salinity of a lake or pond has an effect on the hatching of the egg.

2. What we did: We labeled 4 glasses with labels that said 0 spoons, 1 spoon, 2 spoons, and 3 spoons. Then we filled each plastic cup with 150 mL. of water and then we added 1 spoon of salt to the one that said one spoon and so on according to the label. Then we gently swiveled it so the salt would dissolve. Then we put one mini spoon of Brine Shrimp in to each cup and gently swiveled it with a cap on. Finally we put each one in a FOSS tray.

We used... to... We used 4 plastic cups to make a home for the brine shrimp. We used salt for the variable. We used a FOSS tray to keep the plastic cup on. We used Brine Shrimp for the living systems. We used labels to designate which one is which. We used the caps to protect it.

3. After 24 hours we noticed.... We noticed that the cup with 0 spoons of salt had not had any hatching. The one with 1 spoon of salt didn't have that many brine shrimp hatchlings. The one with 2 spoons of salt had lots of brine shrimp hatchlings. The one wit 3 spoons of salt had a very minimum amount of hatching. <span style="color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-size: 150%;">

<span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);"> 4. After 48 hours we noticed.... After 48 hours we noticed that most of the hatching was in 3 spoons of salt. There were still no hatching. In the one with 1 and 2 spoons it lowered down by a lot.

5. I predict that... The ones with 0, 1, and 2 spoons of salt will not live long and the one with 3 spoons should have a lot of Brine Shrimp. 6. After 60 hours we noticed.... After 60 hours we noticed that the one with 3 spoons is still growing and living the longest. On the other ones most of the shrimp have died only one or two are alive in the other ones.

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 150%;">My Letter to Dr. Bryans:

Dear Dr. Bryans, We have successfully done are experiment and we found out that with a lot of salt it takes longer to hatch but they live longer. We have found out that with that maybe lakes getting so salty aren't that bad but we haven't figure out how much salt they can handle.

<span style="color: rgb(0, 255, 0); font-size: 150%;">How can we find out if the eggs that have not hatched in the cups are still viable? (Alive or able to grow)

Our Plan:

1. To increase salt to each container. 2. We are increasing it by one each time. 3. So the one with 0 ml. of salt would have 50 ml. of salt and so on. We increase it by 50 ml. of salt each time. 4. Finally we stirred it so that the salt would dissolve. <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-size: 150%;">

Every single one except the one without any salt has been viable and is healthier.

The hatching was robust. Every single one except for the one with 0 spoons had a huge burst of new shrimp.

I do not think it is good to postpone the hatching because even though they all have hatched except for 0 spoons. I don't think it should be done because they might not grow as much as before. <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(0, 255, 255);">

<span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">

**Vascular Plants Thinking: 1. The Phloem is the one that gives the sugar to everything but it is all done above ground. It is formed by the sunlight, water, and CO2, so it is actually called sap. It gets to where ever it's needed by flowing through the correct tube. 2. The Xylem is actually below ground so the opposite of the Phloem. It flows through other tubes that transport water and minerals to every cell. The job is very complicated and its amazing how it does it.3. The leaves turn pink because the water inside the Xylem is red water. Plants are green because clear water does not affect the color of the leaf. That is why the leaves turn red when it is red water. 4. Blood carries sugar to wherever it's needed. Sap does the same thing except it's a different color. The only other thing is that they both are kind of thick. **

Observations:



** Making Food-Article

**PHOTOSYNTHESIS This is the equation:**
 * The form of food produced in plants is sugar. The process that makes sugar is called** PHOTOSYNTHESIS**.** PHOTOSYNTHESIS **happens in green cells.

Solar energy must be present with the 6 molecules or carbon dioxide and the 12 molecules of water in order for Photosynthesis (or the making of sugar) to occur.

My cells only process sugar besides water.

Photosynthesis:
 * 1) Sugar is a type of a Carbohydrate. A carbohydrate is a substance that you need for your body to survive. For you to live healthy you would not need a lot of it. It is often called Carbs.
 * 2) The raw materials needed by plants are water(H2O) and Carbon Dioxide(C2O). Also Oxygen(O2).
 * 3) Chlorophyll is a molecule in a leaf cells that absorbs red and blue light but reflects green light onto itself. That is why a plant looks green and why the chlorophyll itself is green.
 * 4) The products of Photosynthesis are water, oxygen and carbon dioxide. They mix together with sunlight and then oxygen is released and the water is reused around the plant.
 * 5) The food is produced in all the green parts of the plants or in other words where there is chlorophyll.
 * 6) It is possible to run on solar energy because all the things you eat that were produced by plants are products of sunlight so without sunlight no bread or vegetables and if there is no bread or vegetables no life.

Cellular Respiration
 * 1) People eat food because they need energy and the only way to get energy is with food which has sugar in it. You need sugar to feed the cells.
 * 2) Your cells get energy from the food because when the food goes through your body into sugar and the only thing that your cells can eat is sugar.
 * 3) They get it from Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is when plants make sugar. They also need sugar like humans. They need to have sugar and water.
 * 4) Cellular Respiration is when the plants break down large sugar molecules into small water molecules.

How much Sugar in our cereals? What we did: We chose 2 cereal that we thought might be HIGH and LOW in sugar content. Once we had chosen our cereals (Coco Crunch and Cheerios) we weighed them so that in each bag we had 3 g. of cereal in each bag. Then we put 100mL. of yeast in each bag and then we put 50mL. of hot water in each bag, but the water had to be under 50 c and above 35c. We then flattened it and took out all the air. hen we put it in a tub or hot water 50 c and above 35c.

I saw that there were lots of bubbles in the one with a lot of sugar and then not so many in the one with very little sugar. I think this because the yeast might react more with sugar than without. I know that because sugar is food to the yeast so there are obviously going to be bubbles if you have a lot of sugar and some yeast.
 * Food tested: || Amount of carbon dioxide in 10 min || Amount of carbon dioxide in 20 min ||
 * Koko Krunch || 100 ml || 200 ml ||
 * Corn Flakes || 0 ml || 0 ml ||
 * Corn Flakes || 50 ml || 100 ml ||
 * Captain Crunch || 100 ml || 230 ml ||
 * Choco Bits || 100 ml || 0 ml ||
 * Corn Flakes || 50 ml || 0 ml ||
 * Cookie Crisp || 150 ml || 150 ml ||
 * Frosties || 100 ml || 50 ml ||
 * Corn Crunch || 150 ml || 150 ml ||
 * Cheerios || 50 ml || 50 ml ||
 * Sugar (control) || 50 ml || 50 ml ||

Glossary

 * **Cross Section-** Is a cut across an object and exposes its internal structure.
 * **Vascular Plant**s- A multicellular plant that has vessels for transporting water, minerals, and sugar to all its cells.
 * **Xylem**- Found in Vascular Plants. Tubes to transport water and minerals to cells
 * **Phloem**- Found in Vascular Plants. Tubes to transport sugar to cells.
 * **Sap**- The sugar- rich liquid flowing in the Phloem.
 * **Classify-** Sorting things out into classes or groups (Scientists do this all the time.)
 * **Palmate, Pinnate, and Parallel** are the three ways Vascular Plants can be classified
 * **Food-** Is the source of energy and building material for living cells.
 * **Photosynthesis-** Is a chemical process in which cells produce energy-rich sugar molecules and release.
 * **Fat and Protein-**Are groups of nutrients that provide energy and building blocks for growth and development.
 * **Mass-** Is a quantity of matter.
 * **Sunlight-**Is solar energy. Light from the sun.
 * **Starches-** Are chemicals produced by plants to store food
 * **Molecule-** Is a particle made of two or more atoms. A sugar molecule is made of Caron, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms
 * **Yeast-** A single celled organism
 * **Cellular Respiration-** Is the process by which plants and animal cells break dow sugar into energy, releasing carbon dioxide in the process.


 * 1) What structures do Vascular Plants have for transporting water? The Xylem.
 * 2) What structures do Vascular Plants have for transporting sugar? The Phloem.